## # RDoc::Markup parses plain text documents and attempts to decompose them into # their constituent parts. Some of these parts are high-level: paragraphs, # chunks of verbatim text, list entries and the like. Other parts happen at # the character level: a piece of bold text, a word in code font. This markup # is similar in spirit to that used on WikiWiki webs, where folks create web # pages using a simple set of formatting rules. # # RDoc::Markup and other markup formats do no output formatting, this is # handled by the RDoc::Markup::Formatter subclasses. # # = Supported Formats # # Besides the RDoc::Markup format, the following formats are built in to RDoc: # # markdown:: # The markdown format as described by # http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/. See RDoc::Markdown for # details on the parser and supported extensions. # rd:: # The rdtool format. See RDoc::RD for details on the parser and format. # tomdoc:: # The TomDoc format as described by http://tomdoc.org/. See RDoc::TomDoc # for details on the parser and supported extensions. # # You can choose a markup format using the following methods: # # per project:: # If you build your documentation with rake use RDoc::Task#markup. # # If you build your documentation by hand run: # # rdoc --markup your_favorite_format --write-options # # and commit <tt>.rdoc_options</tt> and ship it with your packaged gem. # per file:: # At the top of the file use the <tt>:markup:</tt> directive to set the # default format for the rest of the file. # per comment:: # Use the <tt>:markup:</tt> directive at the top of a comment you want # to write in a different format. # # = RDoc::Markup # # RDoc::Markup is extensible at runtime: you can add \new markup elements to # be recognized in the documents that RDoc::Markup parses. # # RDoc::Markup is intended to be the basis for a family of tools which share # the common requirement that simple, plain-text should be rendered in a # variety of different output formats and media. It is envisaged that # RDoc::Markup could be the basis for formatting RDoc style comment blocks, # Wiki entries, and online FAQs. # # == Synopsis # # This code converts +input_string+ to HTML. The conversion takes place in # the +convert+ method, so you can use the same RDoc::Markup converter to # convert multiple input strings. # # require 'rdoc' # # h = RDoc::Markup::ToHtml.new # # puts h.convert(input_string) # # You can extend the RDoc::Markup parser to recognize new markup # sequences, and to add special processing for text that matches a # regular expression. Here we make WikiWords significant to the parser, # and also make the sequences {word} and \<no>text...</no> signify # strike-through text. We then subclass the HTML output class to deal # with these: # # require 'rdoc' # # class WikiHtml < RDoc::Markup::ToHtml # def handle_special_WIKIWORD(special) # "<font color=red>" + special.text + "</font>" # end # end # # markup = RDoc::Markup.new # markup.add_word_pair("{", "}", :STRIKE) # markup.add_html("no", :STRIKE) # # markup.add_special(/\b([A-Z][a-z]+[A-Z]\w+)/, :WIKIWORD) # # wh = WikiHtml.new markup # wh.add_tag(:STRIKE, "<strike>", "</strike>") # # puts "<body>#{wh.convert ARGF.read}</body>" # # == Encoding # # Where Encoding support is available, RDoc will automatically convert all # documents to the same output encoding. The output encoding can be set via # RDoc::Options#encoding and defaults to Encoding.default_external. # # = \RDoc Markup Reference # # == Block Markup # # === Paragraphs and Verbatim # # The markup engine looks for a document's natural left margin. This is # used as the initial margin for the document. # # Consecutive lines starting at this margin are considered to be a # paragraph. Empty lines separate paragraphs. # # Any line that starts to the right of the current margin is treated # as verbatim text. This is useful for code listings: # # 3.times { puts "Ruby" } # # In verbatim text, two or more blank lines are collapsed into one, # and trailing blank lines are removed: # # This is the first line # # # This is the second non-blank line, # after 2 blank lines in the source markup. # # # There were two trailing blank lines right above this paragraph, that # have been removed. In addition, the verbatim text has been shifted # left, so the amount of indentation of verbatim text is unimportant. # # For HTML output RDoc makes a small effort to determine if a verbatim section # contains ruby source code. If so, the verbatim block will be marked up as # HTML. Triggers include "def", "class", "module", "require", the "hash # rocket"# (=>) or a block call with a parameter. # # === Headers # # A line starting with an equal sign (=) is treated as a # heading. Level one headings have one equals sign, level two headings # have two, and so on until level six, which is the maximum # (seven hyphens or more result in a level six heading). # # For example, the above header was obtained with: # # === Headers # # In HTML output headers have an id matching their name. The above example's # HTML is: # # <h3 id="label-Headers">Headers</h3> # # If a heading is inside a method body the id will be prefixed with the # method's id. If the above header where in the documentation for a method # such as: # # ## # # This method does fun things # # # # = Example # # # # Example of fun things goes here ... # # def do_fun_things # end # # The header's id would be: # # <h1 id="method-i-do_fun_things-label-Example">Example</h3> # # The label can be linked-to using <tt>SomeClass@Headers</tt>. See # {Links}[RDoc::Markup@Links] for further details. # # === Rules # # A line starting with three or more hyphens (at the current indent) # generates a horizontal rule. The more hyphens, the thicker the rule # (within reason, and if supported by the output device). # # In the case of HTML output, three dashes generate a 1-pixel high rule, # four dashes result in 2 pixels, and so on. The actual height is limited # to 10 pixels: # # --- # ----- # ----------------------------------------------------- # # produces: # # --- # ----- # ----------------------------------------------------- # # === Simple Lists # # If a paragraph starts with a "*", "-", "<digit>." or "<letter>.", # then it is taken to be the start of a list. The margin is increased to be # the first non-space following the list start flag. Subsequent lines # should be indented to this new margin until the list ends. For example: # # * this is a list with three paragraphs in # the first item. This is the first paragraph. # # And this is the second paragraph. # # 1. This is an indented, numbered list. # 2. This is the second item in that list # # This is the third conventional paragraph in the # first list item. # # * This is the second item in the original list # # produces: # # * this is a list with three paragraphs in # the first item. This is the first paragraph. # # And this is the second paragraph. # # 1. This is an indented, numbered list. # 2. This is the second item in that list # # This is the third conventional paragraph in the # first list item. # # * This is the second item in the original list # # === Labeled Lists # # You can also construct labeled lists, sometimes called description # or definition lists. Do this by putting the label in square brackets # and indenting the list body: # # [cat] a small furry mammal # that seems to sleep a lot # # [ant] a little insect that is known # to enjoy picnics # # produces: # # [cat] a small furry mammal # that seems to sleep a lot # # [ant] a little insect that is known # to enjoy picnics # # If you want the list bodies to line up to the left of the labels, # use two colons: # # cat:: a small furry mammal # that seems to sleep a lot # # ant:: a little insect that is known # to enjoy picnics # # produces: # # cat:: a small furry mammal # that seems to sleep a lot # # ant:: a little insect that is known # to enjoy picnics # # Notice that blank lines right after the label are ignored in labeled lists: # # [one] # # definition 1 # # [two] # # definition 2 # # produces the same output as # # [one] definition 1 # [two] definition 2 # # # === Lists and Verbatim # # If you want to introduce a verbatim section right after a list, it has to be # less indented than the list item bodies, but more indented than the list # label, letter, digit or bullet. For instance: # # * point 1 # # * point 2, first paragraph # # point 2, second paragraph # verbatim text inside point 2 # point 2, third paragraph # verbatim text outside of the list (the list is therefore closed) # regular paragraph after the list # # produces: # # * point 1 # # * point 2, first paragraph # # point 2, second paragraph # verbatim text inside point 2 # point 2, third paragraph # verbatim text outside of the list (the list is therefore closed) # regular paragraph after the list # # == Text Markup # # === Bold, Italic, Typewriter Text # # You can use markup within text (except verbatim) to change the # appearance of parts of that text. Out of the box, RDoc::Markup # supports word-based and general markup. # # Word-based markup uses flag characters around individual words: # # <tt>\*_word_\*</tt>:: displays _word_ in a *bold* font # <tt>\__word_\_</tt>:: displays _word_ in an _emphasized_ font # <tt>\+_word_\+</tt>:: displays _word_ in a +code+ font # # General markup affects text between a start delimiter and an end # delimiter. Not surprisingly, these delimiters look like HTML markup. # # <tt>\<b>_text_</b></tt>:: displays _text_ in a *bold* font # <tt>\<em>_text_</em></tt>:: displays _text_ in an _emphasized_ font # (alternate tag: <tt>\<i></tt>) # <tt>\<tt>_text_\</tt></tt>:: displays _text_ in a +code+ font # (alternate tag: <tt>\<code></tt>) # # Unlike conventional Wiki markup, general markup can cross line # boundaries. You can turn off the interpretation of markup by # preceding the first character with a backslash (see <i>Escaping # Text Markup</i>, below). # # === Links # # Links to starting with +http:+, +https:+, +mailto:+, +ftp:+ or +www.+ # are recognized. An HTTP url that references an external image is converted # into an inline image element. # # Classes and methods will be automatically linked to their definition. For # example, <tt>RDoc::Markup</tt> will link to this documentation. By default # methods will only be automatically linked if they contain an <tt>_</tt> (all # methods can be automatically linked through the <tt>--hyperlink-all</tt> # command line option). # # Single-word methods can be linked by using the <tt>#</tt> character for # instance methods or <tt>::</tt> for class methods. For example, # <tt>#convert</tt> links to #convert. A class or method may be combined like # <tt>RDoc::Markup#convert</tt>. # # A heading inside the documentation can be linked by following the class # or method by an <tt>@</tt> then the heading name. # <tt>RDoc::Markup@Links</tt> will link to this section like this: # RDoc::Markup@Links. Spaces in headings with multiple words must be escaped # with <tt>+</tt> like <tt>RDoc::Markup@Escaping+Text+Markup</tt>. # Punctuation and other special characters must be escaped like CGI.escape. # # Links can also be of the form <tt>label[url]</tt>, in which case +label+ is # used in the displayed text, and +url+ is used as the target. If +label+ # contains multiple words, put it in braces: <tt>{multi word label}[url]</tt>. # The +url+ may be an +http:+-type link or a cross-reference to a class, # module or method with a label. # # Links with the <tt>rdoc-ref:</tt> scheme will link to the referenced class, # module, method, file, etc. If the referenced item is does not exist # no link will be generated and <tt>rdoc-ref:</tt> will be removed from the # resulting text. # # Links starting with <tt>rdoc-label:label_name</tt> will link to the # +label_name+. You can create a label for the current link (for # bidirectional links) by supplying a name for the current link like # <tt>rdoc-label:label-other:label-mine</tt>. # # Links starting with +link:+ refer to local files whose path is relative to # the <tt>--op</tt> directory. Use <tt>rdoc-ref:</tt> instead of # <tt>link:</tt> to link to files generated by RDoc as the link target may # be different across RDoc generators. # # Example links: # # https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc # mailto:user@example.com # {RDoc Documentation}[http://rdoc.rubyforge.org] # {RDoc Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::Markup] # # === Escaping Text Markup # # Text markup can be escaped with a backslash, as in \<tt>, which was obtained # with <tt>\\<tt></tt>. Except in verbatim sections and between \<tt> tags, # to produce a backslash you have to double it unless it is followed by a # space, tab or newline. Otherwise, the HTML formatter will discard it, as it # is used to escape potential links: # # * The \ must be doubled if not followed by white space: \\. # * But not in \<tt> tags: in a Regexp, <tt>\S</tt> matches non-space. # * This is a link to {ruby-lang}[www.ruby-lang.org]. # * This is not a link, however: \{ruby-lang.org}[www.ruby-lang.org]. # * This will not be linked to \RDoc::RDoc#document # # generates: # # * The \ must be doubled if not followed by white space: \\. # * But not in \<tt> tags: in a Regexp, <tt>\S</tt> matches non-space. # * This is a link to {ruby-lang}[www.ruby-lang.org] # * This is not a link, however: \{ruby-lang.org}[www.ruby-lang.org] # * This will not be linked to \RDoc::RDoc#document # # Inside \<tt> tags, more precisely, leading backslashes are removed only if # followed by a markup character (<tt><*_+</tt>), a backslash, or a known link # reference (a known class or method). So in the example above, the backslash # of <tt>\S</tt> would be removed if there was a class or module named +S+ in # the current context. # # This behavior is inherited from RDoc version 1, and has been kept for # compatibility with existing RDoc documentation. # # === Conversion of characters # # HTML will convert two/three dashes to an em-dash. Other common characters are # converted as well: # # em-dash:: -- or --- # ellipsis:: ... # # single quotes:: 'text' or `text' # double quotes:: "text" or ``text'' # # copyright:: (c) # registered trademark:: (r) # # produces: # # em-dash:: -- or --- # ellipsis:: ... # # single quotes:: 'text' or `text' # double quotes:: "text" or ``text'' # # copyright:: (c) # registered trademark:: (r) # # # == Documenting Source Code # # Comment blocks can be written fairly naturally, either using <tt>#</tt> on # successive lines of the comment, or by including the comment in # a <tt>=begin</tt>/<tt>=end</tt> block. If you use the latter form, # the <tt>=begin</tt> line _must_ be flagged with an +rdoc+ tag: # # =begin rdoc # Documentation to be processed by RDoc. # # ... # =end # # RDoc stops processing comments if it finds a comment line starting # with <tt>--</tt> right after the <tt>#</tt> character (otherwise, # it will be treated as a rule if it has three dashes or more). # This can be used to separate external from internal comments, # or to stop a comment being associated with a method, class, or module. # Commenting can be turned back on with a line that starts with <tt>++</tt>. # # ## # # Extract the age and calculate the date-of-birth. # #-- # # FIXME: fails if the birthday falls on February 29th # #++ # # The DOB is returned as a Time object. # # def get_dob(person) # # ... # end # # Names of classes, files, and any method names containing an underscore or # preceded by a hash character are automatically linked from comment text to # their description. This linking works inside the current class or module, # and with ancestor methods (in included modules or in the superclass). # # Method parameter lists are extracted and displayed with the method # description. If a method calls +yield+, then the parameters passed to yield # will also be displayed: # # def fred # ... # yield line, address # # This will get documented as: # # fred() { |line, address| ... } # # You can override this using a comment containing ':yields: ...' immediately # after the method definition # # def fred # :yields: index, position # # ... # # yield line, address # # which will get documented as # # fred() { |index, position| ... } # # +:yields:+ is an example of a documentation directive. These appear # immediately after the start of the document element they are modifying. # # RDoc automatically cross-references words with underscores or camel-case. # To suppress cross-references, prefix the word with a \ character. To # include special characters like "<tt>\n</tt>", you'll need to use # two \ characters in normal text, but only one in \<tt> text: # # "\\n" or "<tt>\n</tt>" # # produces: # # "\\n" or "<tt>\n</tt>" # # == Directives # # Directives are keywords surrounded by ":" characters. # # === Controlling what is documented # # [+:nodoc:+ / <tt>:nodoc: all</tt>] # This directive prevents documentation for the element from # being generated. For classes and modules, methods, aliases, # constants, and attributes directly within the affected class or # module also will be omitted. By default, though, modules and # classes within that class or module _will_ be documented. This is # turned off by adding the +all+ modifier. # # module MyModule # :nodoc: # class Input # end # end # # module OtherModule # :nodoc: all # class Output # end # end # # In the above code, only class <tt>MyModule::Input</tt> will be documented. # # The +:nodoc:+ directive, like +:enddoc:+, +:stopdoc:+ and +:startdoc:+ # presented below, is local to the current file: if you do not want to # document a module that appears in several files, specify +:nodoc:+ on each # appearance, at least once per file. # # [+:stopdoc:+ / +:startdoc:+] # Stop and start adding new documentation elements to the current container. # For example, if a class has a number of constants that you don't want to # document, put a +:stopdoc:+ before the first, and a +:startdoc:+ after the # last. If you don't specify a +:startdoc:+ by the end of the container, # disables documentation for the rest of the current file. # # [+:doc:+] # Forces a method or attribute to be documented even if it wouldn't be # otherwise. Useful if, for example, you want to include documentation of a # particular private method. # # [+:enddoc:+] # Document nothing further at the current level: directives +:startdoc:+ and # +:doc:+ that appear after this will not be honored for the current container # (file, class or module), in the current file. # # [+:notnew:+ / +:not_new:+ / +:not-new:+ ] # Only applicable to the +initialize+ instance method. Normally RDoc # assumes that the documentation and parameters for +initialize+ are # actually for the +new+ method, and so fakes out a +new+ for the class. # The +:notnew:+ directive stops this. Remember that +initialize+ is private, # so you won't see the documentation unless you use the +-a+ command line # option. # # === Method arguments # # [+:arg:+ or +:args:+ _parameters_] # Overrides the default argument handling with exactly these parameters. # # ## # # :args: a, b # # def some_method(*a) # end # # [+:yield:+ or +:yields:+ _parameters_] # Overrides the default yield discovery with these parameters. # # ## # # :yields: key, value # # def each_thing &block # @things.each(&block) # end # # [+:call-seq:+] # Lines up to the next blank line or lines with a common prefix in the # comment are treated as the method's calling sequence, overriding the # default parsing of method parameters and yield arguments. # # Multiple lines may be used. # # # :call-seq: # # ARGF.readlines(sep=$/) -> array # # ARGF.readlines(limit) -> array # # ARGF.readlines(sep, limit) -> array # # # # ARGF.to_a(sep=$/) -> array # # ARGF.to_a(limit) -> array # # ARGF.to_a(sep, limit) -> array # # # # The remaining lines are documentation ... # # === Sections # # Sections allow you to group methods in a class into sensible containers. If # you use the sections 'Public', 'Internal' and 'Deprecated' (the three # allowed method statuses from TomDoc) the sections will be displayed in that # order placing the most useful methods at the top. Otherwise, sections will # be displayed in alphabetical order. # # [+:category:+ _section_] # Adds this item to the named +section+ overriding the current section. Use # this to group methods by section in RDoc output while maintaining a # sensible ordering (like alphabetical). # # # :category: Utility Methods # # # # CGI escapes +text+ # # def convert_string text # CGI.escapeHTML text # end # # An empty category will place the item in the default category: # # # :category: # # # # This method is in the default category # # def some_method # # ... # end # # Unlike the :section: directive, :category: is not sticky. The category # only applies to the item immediately following the comment. # # Use the :section: directive to provide introductory text for a section of # documentation. # # [+:section:+ _title_] # Provides section introductory text in RDoc output. The title following # +:section:+ is used as the section name and the remainder of the comment # containing the section is used as introductory text. A section's comment # block must be separated from following comment blocks. Use an empty title # to switch to the default section. # # The :section: directive is sticky, so subsequent methods, aliases, # attributes, and classes will be contained in this section until the # section is changed. The :category: directive will override the :section: # directive. # # A :section: comment block may have one or more lines before the :section: # directive. These will be removed, and any identical lines at the end of # the block are also removed. This allows you to add visual cues to the # section. # # Example: # # # ---------------------------------------- # # :section: My Section # # This is the section that I wrote. # # See it glisten in the noon-day sun. # # ---------------------------------------- # # ## # # Comment for some_method # # def some_method # # ... # end # # === Other directives # # [+:markup:+ _type_] # Overrides the default markup type for this comment with the specified # markup type. For ruby files, if the first comment contains this directive # it is applied automatically to all comments in the file. # # Unless you are converting between markup formats you should use a # <code>.rdoc_options</code> file to specify the default documentation # format for your entire project. See RDoc::Options@Saved+Options for # instructions. # # At the top of a file the +:markup:+ directive applies to the entire file: # # # coding: UTF-8 # # :markup: TomDoc # # # TomDoc comment here ... # # class MyClass # # ... # # For just one comment: # # # ... # end # # # :markup: RDoc # # # # This is a comment in RDoc markup format ... # # def some_method # # ... # # See Markup@DEVELOPERS for instructions on adding a new markup format. # # [+:include:+ _filename_] # Include the contents of the named file at this point. This directive # must appear alone on one line, possibly preceded by spaces. In this # position, it can be escaped with a \ in front of the first colon. # # The file will be searched for in the directories listed by the +--include+ # option, or in the current directory by default. The contents of the file # will be shifted to have the same indentation as the ':' at the start of # the +:include:+ directive. # # [+:title:+ _text_] # Sets the title for the document. Equivalent to the <tt>--title</tt> # command line parameter. (The command line parameter overrides any :title: # directive in the source). # # [+:main:+ _name_] # Equivalent to the <tt>--main</tt> command line parameter. # #-- # Original Author:: Dave Thomas, dave@pragmaticprogrammer.com # License:: Ruby license class RDoc::Markup ## # An AttributeManager which handles inline markup. attr_reader :attribute_manager ## # Parses +str+ into an RDoc::Markup::Document. def self.parse str RDoc::Markup::Parser.parse str rescue RDoc::Markup::Parser::Error => e $stderr.puts <<-EOF While parsing markup, RDoc encountered a #{e.class}: #{e} \tfrom #{e.backtrace.join "\n\tfrom "} ---8<--- #{text} ---8<--- RDoc #{RDoc::VERSION} Ruby #{RUBY_VERSION}-p#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL} #{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE} Please file a bug report with the above information at: https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/issues EOF raise end ## # Take a block of text and use various heuristics to determine its # structure (paragraphs, lists, and so on). Invoke an event handler as we # identify significant chunks. def initialize attribute_manager = nil @attribute_manager = attribute_manager || RDoc::Markup::AttributeManager.new @output = nil end ## # Add to the sequences used to add formatting to an individual word (such # as *bold*). Matching entries will generate attributes that the output # formatters can recognize by their +name+. def add_word_pair(start, stop, name) @attribute_manager.add_word_pair(start, stop, name) end ## # Add to the sequences recognized as general markup. def add_html(tag, name) @attribute_manager.add_html(tag, name) end ## # Add to other inline sequences. For example, we could add WikiWords using # something like: # # parser.add_special(/\b([A-Z][a-z]+[A-Z]\w+)/, :WIKIWORD) # # Each wiki word will be presented to the output formatter via the # accept_special method. def add_special(pattern, name) @attribute_manager.add_special(pattern, name) end ## # We take +input+, parse it if necessary, then invoke the output +formatter+ # using a Visitor to render the result. def convert input, formatter document = case input when RDoc::Markup::Document then input else RDoc::Markup::Parser.parse input end document.accept formatter end autoload :Parser, 'rdoc/markup/parser' autoload :PreProcess, 'rdoc/markup/pre_process' # Inline markup classes autoload :AttrChanger, 'rdoc/markup/attr_changer' autoload :AttrSpan, 'rdoc/markup/attr_span' autoload :Attributes, 'rdoc/markup/attributes' autoload :AttributeManager, 'rdoc/markup/attribute_manager' autoload :Special, 'rdoc/markup/special' # RDoc::Markup AST autoload :BlankLine, 'rdoc/markup/blank_line' autoload :BlockQuote, 'rdoc/markup/block_quote' autoload :Document, 'rdoc/markup/document' autoload :HardBreak, 'rdoc/markup/hard_break' autoload :Heading, 'rdoc/markup/heading' autoload :Include, 'rdoc/markup/include' autoload :IndentedParagraph, 'rdoc/markup/indented_paragraph' autoload :List, 'rdoc/markup/list' autoload :ListItem, 'rdoc/markup/list_item' autoload :Paragraph, 'rdoc/markup/paragraph' autoload :Raw, 'rdoc/markup/raw' autoload :Rule, 'rdoc/markup/rule' autoload :Verbatim, 'rdoc/markup/verbatim' # Formatters autoload :Formatter, 'rdoc/markup/formatter' autoload :FormatterTestCase, 'rdoc/markup/formatter_test_case' autoload :TextFormatterTestCase, 'rdoc/markup/text_formatter_test_case' autoload :ToAnsi, 'rdoc/markup/to_ansi' autoload :ToBs, 'rdoc/markup/to_bs' autoload :ToHtml, 'rdoc/markup/to_html' autoload :ToHtmlCrossref, 'rdoc/markup/to_html_crossref' autoload :ToHtmlSnippet, 'rdoc/markup/to_html_snippet' autoload :ToLabel, 'rdoc/markup/to_label' autoload :ToMarkdown, 'rdoc/markup/to_markdown' autoload :ToRdoc, 'rdoc/markup/to_rdoc' autoload :ToTableOfContents, 'rdoc/markup/to_table_of_contents' autoload :ToTest, 'rdoc/markup/to_test' autoload :ToTtOnly, 'rdoc/markup/to_tt_only' end