SENDMAIL(1) SENDMAIL(1)
NAME
sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface
SYNOPSIS
sendmail [option ...] [recipient ...]
mailq
sendmail -bp
newaliases
sendmail -I
DESCRIPTION
The sendmail program implements the Postfix to Sendmail
compatibility interface. For the sake of compatibility
with existing applications, some Sendmail command-line
options are recognized but silently ignored.
By default, sendmail reads a message from standard input
until EOF or until it reads a line with only a . charac-
ter, and arranges for delivery. sendmail relies on the
postdrop(1) command to create a queue file in the maildrop
directory.
Specific command aliases are provided for other common
modes of operation:
mailq List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue
file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and
the recipients that still need to be delivered. If
mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt,
the reason for failure is shown. This mode of oper-
ation is implemented by executing the postqueue(1)
command.
newaliases
Initialize the alias database. If no input file is
specified (with the -oA option, see below), the
program processes the file(s) specified with the
alias_database configuration parameter. If no
alias database type is specified, the program uses
the type specified with the default_database_type
configuration parameter. This mode of operation is
implemented by running the postalias(1) command.
Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias
database update becomes visible. Use the postfix
reload command to eliminate this delay.
These and other features can be selected by specifying the
appropriate combination of command-line options. Some fea-
tures are controlled by parameters in the main.cf configu-
ration file.
The following options are recognized:
-Am (ignored)
-Ac (ignored)
Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file
regardless of whether or not a message is an ini-
tial submission.
-B body_type
The message body MIME type: 7BIT or 8BITMIME.
-C config_file (ignored :-)
The path name of the sendmail.cf file. Postfix con-
figuration files are kept in /etc/postfix.
-F full_name
Set the sender full name. This is used only with
messages that have no From: message header.
-G (ignored)
Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial
user submission.
-I Initialize alias database. See the newaliases com-
mand above.
-L label (ignored)
The logging label. Use the syslog_name configura-
tion parameter instead.
-N dsn (ignored)
Delivery status notification control. Currently,
Postfix does not implement DSN.
-R return_limit (ignored)
Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the
bounce_size_limit configuration parameter instead.
-X log_file (ignored)
Log mailer traffic. Use the debug_peer_list and
debug_peer_level configuration parameters instead.
-U (ignored)
Initial user submission.
-V Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope
sender address of the form owner-listname@origin,
each recipient user@domain receives mail with a
personalized envelope sender address.
By default, the personalized envelope sender
address is owner-listname+user=domain@origin. The
default + and = characters are configurable with
the default_verp_delimiters configuration parame-
ter.
-Vxy As -V, but uses x and y as the VERP delimiter char-
acters, instead of the characters specified with
the default_verp_delimiters configuration parame-
ter.
-bd Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is
implemented by executing the postfix start command.
-bi Initialize alias database. See the newaliases com-
mand above.
-bm Read mail from standard input and arrange for
delivery. This is the default mode of operation.
-bp List the mail queue. See the mailq command above.
-bs Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands
from standard input, and write responses to stan-
dard output. In stand-alone SMTP server mode, UCE
restrictions and access controls are disabled by
default. To enable them, run the process as the
mail_owner user.
This mode of operation is implemented by running
the smtpd(8) daemon.
-f sender
Set the envelope sender address. This is the
address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
the message contains an Errors-To: message header.
-h hop_count (ignored)
Hop count limit. Use the hopcount_limit configura-
tion parameter instead.
-i When reading a message from standard input, don't
treat a line with only a . character as the end of
input.
-m (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
-n (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
-oAalias_database
Non-default alias database. Specify pathname or
type:pathname. See postalias(1) for details.
-o7 (ignored)
-o8 (ignored)
To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate
MIME encapsulation and specify the appropriate -B
command-line option.
-oi When reading a message from standard input, don't
treat a line with only a . character as the end of
input.
-om (ignored)
The sender is never eliminated from alias etc.
expansions.
-o x value (ignored)
Set option x to value. Use the equivalent configu-
ration parameter in main.cf instead.
-r sender
Set the envelope sender address. This is the
address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
the message contains an Errors-To: message header.
-q Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is imple-
mented by executing the postqueue(1) command.
-qinterval (ignored)
The interval between queue runs. Use the
queue_run_delay configuration parameter instead.
-qRsite
Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is
queued for the named site. This option accepts only
site names that are eligible for the "fast flush"
service, and is implemented by executing the
postqueue(1) command. See flush(8) for more infor-
mation about the "fast flush" service.
-qSsite
This command is not implemented. Use the slower
sendmail -q command instead.
-t Extract recipients from message headers. This
requires that no recipients be specified on the
command line.
-v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Mul-
tiple -v options make the software increasingly
verbose. For compatibility with mailx and other
mail submission software, a single -v option pro-
duces no output.
SECURITY
By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id.
However, it must handle data from untrusted users or
untrusted machines. Thus, the usual precautions need to
be taken against malicious inputs.
DIAGNOSTICS
Problems are logged to syslogd(8) and to the standard
error stream.
ENVIRONMENT
MAIL_CONFIG
Directory with Postfix configuration files.
MAIL_VERBOSE
Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
MAIL_DEBUG
Enable debugging with an external command, as spec-
ified with the debugger_command configuration
parameter.
FILES
/var/spool/postfix, mail queue
/etc/postfix, configuration files
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
See the Postfix main.cf file for syntax details and for
default values. Use the postfix reload command after a
configuration change.
alias_database
Default alias database(s) for newaliases. The
default value for this parameter is system-spe-
cific.
bounce_size_limit
The amount of original message context that is sent
along with a non-delivery notification.
default_database_type
Default alias etc. database type. On many UNIX sys-
tems the default type is either dbm or hash.
debugger_command
Command that is executed after a Postfix daemon has
initialized.
debug_peer_level
Increment in verbose logging level when a remote
host matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list
parameter.
debug_peer_list
List of domain or network patterns. When a remote
host matches a pattern, increase the verbose log-
ging level by the amount specified in the
debug_peer_level parameter.
default_verp_delimiters
The VERP delimiter characters that are used when
the -V command line option is specified without
delimiter characters.
fast_flush_domains
List of domains that will receive "fast flush" ser-
vice (default: all domains that this system is
willing to relay mail to). This list specifies the
domains that Postfix accepts in the SMTP ETRN
request and in the sendmail -qR command.
fork_attempts
Number of attempts to fork() a process before giv-
ing up.
fork_delay
Delay in seconds between successive fork()
attempts.
hopcount_limit
Limit the number of Received: message headers.
mail_owner
The owner of the mail queue and of most Postfix
processes.
command_directory
Directory with Postfix support commands.
daemon_directory
Directory with Postfix daemon programs.
queue_directory
Top-level directory of the Postfix queue. This is
also the root directory of Postfix daemons that run
chrooted.
queue_run_delay
The time between successive scans of the deferred
queue.
verp_delimiter_filter
The characters that Postfix accepts as VERP delim-
iter characters.
SEE ALSO
pickup(8) mail pickup daemon
postsuper(1) queue maintenance
postalias(1) maintain alias database
postdrop(1) mail posting utility
postfix(1) mail system control
postqueue(1) mail queue control
qmgr(8) queue manager
smtpd(8) SMTP server
flush(8) fast flush service
syslogd(8) system logging
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
software.
AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
SENDMAIL(1)