Verifier.cpp   [plain text]

//===-- Verifier.cpp - Implement the Module Verifier -----------------------==//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines the function verifier interface, that can be used for some
// sanity checking of input to the system.
//
// Note that this does not provide full `Java style' security and verifications,
// instead it just tries to ensure that code is well-formed.
//
//  * Both of a binary operator's parameters are of the same type
//  * Verify that the indices of mem access instructions match other operands
//  * Verify that arithmetic and other things are only performed on first-class
//    types.  Verify that shifts & logicals only happen on integrals f.e.
//  * All of the constants in a switch statement are of the correct type
//  * The code is in valid SSA form
//  * It should be illegal to put a label into any other type (like a structure)
//    or to return one. [except constant arrays!]
//  * Only phi nodes can be self referential: 'add i32 %0, %0 ; <int>:0' is bad
//  * PHI nodes must have an entry for each predecessor, with no extras.
//  * PHI nodes must be the first thing in a basic block, all grouped together
//  * PHI nodes must have at least one entry
//  * All basic blocks should only end with terminator insts, not contain them
//  * The entry node to a function must not have predecessors
//  * All Instructions must be embedded into a basic block
//  * Functions cannot take a void-typed parameter
//  * Verify that a function's argument list agrees with it's declared type.
//  * It is illegal to specify a name for a void value.
//  * It is illegal to have a internal global value with no initializer
//  * It is illegal to have a ret instruction that returns a value that does not
//    agree with the function return value type.
//  * Function call argument types match the function prototype
//  * A landing pad is defined by a landingpad instruction, and can be jumped to
//    only by the unwind edge of an invoke instruction.
//  * A landingpad instruction must be the first non-PHI instruction in the
//    block.
//  * All landingpad instructions must use the same personality function with
//    the same function.
//  * All other things that are tested by asserts spread about the code...
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/CallingConv.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/InlineAsm.h"
#include "llvm/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/Metadata.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/Dominators.h"
#include "llvm/Assembly/Writer.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/ValueTypes.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CFG.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/InstVisitor.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ConstantRange.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdarg>
using namespace llvm;

namespace {  // Anonymous namespace for class
  struct PreVerifier : public FunctionPass {
    static char ID; // Pass ID, replacement for typeid

    PreVerifier() : FunctionPass(ID) {
      initializePreVerifierPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
    }

    virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
      AU.setPreservesAll();
    }

    // Check that the prerequisites for successful DominatorTree construction
    // are satisfied.
    bool runOnFunction(Function &F) {
      bool Broken = false;

      for (Function::iterator I = F.begin(), E = F.end(); I != E; ++I) {
        if (I->empty() || !I->back().isTerminator()) {
          dbgs() << "Basic Block in function '" << F.getName() 
                 << "' does not have terminator!\n";
          WriteAsOperand(dbgs(), I, true);
          dbgs() << "\n";
          Broken = true;
        }
      }

      if (Broken)
        report_fatal_error("Broken module, no Basic Block terminator!");

      return false;
    }
  };
}

char PreVerifier::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS(PreVerifier, "preverify", "Preliminary module verification", 
                false, false)
static char &PreVerifyID = PreVerifier::ID;

namespace {
  struct Verifier : public FunctionPass, public InstVisitor<Verifier> {
    static char ID; // Pass ID, replacement for typeid
    bool Broken;          // Is this module found to be broken?
    VerifierFailureAction action;
                          // What to do if verification fails.
    Module *Mod;          // Module we are verifying right now
    LLVMContext *Context; // Context within which we are verifying
    DominatorTree *DT;    // Dominator Tree, caution can be null!

    std::string Messages;
    raw_string_ostream MessagesStr;

    /// InstInThisBlock - when verifying a basic block, keep track of all of the
    /// instructions we have seen so far.  This allows us to do efficient
    /// dominance checks for the case when an instruction has an operand that is
    /// an instruction in the same block.
    SmallPtrSet<Instruction*, 16> InstsInThisBlock;

    /// MDNodes - keep track of the metadata nodes that have been checked
    /// already.
    SmallPtrSet<MDNode *, 32> MDNodes;

    /// PersonalityFn - The personality function referenced by the
    /// LandingPadInsts. All LandingPadInsts within the same function must use
    /// the same personality function.
    const Value *PersonalityFn;

    Verifier()
      : FunctionPass(ID), Broken(false),
        action(AbortProcessAction), Mod(0), Context(0), DT(0),
        MessagesStr(Messages), PersonalityFn(0) {
      initializeVerifierPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
    }
    explicit Verifier(VerifierFailureAction ctn)
      : FunctionPass(ID), Broken(false), action(ctn), Mod(0),
        Context(0), DT(0), MessagesStr(Messages), PersonalityFn(0) {
      initializeVerifierPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
    }

    bool doInitialization(Module &M) {
      Mod = &M;
      Context = &M.getContext();

      // We must abort before returning back to the pass manager, or else the
      // pass manager may try to run other passes on the broken module.
      return abortIfBroken();
    }

    bool runOnFunction(Function &F) {
      // Get dominator information if we are being run by PassManager
      DT = &getAnalysis<DominatorTree>();

      Mod = F.getParent();
      if (!Context) Context = &F.getContext();

      visit(F);
      InstsInThisBlock.clear();
      PersonalityFn = 0;

      // We must abort before returning back to the pass manager, or else the
      // pass manager may try to run other passes on the broken module.
      return abortIfBroken();
    }

    bool doFinalization(Module &M) {
      // Scan through, checking all of the external function's linkage now...
      for (Module::iterator I = M.begin(), E = M.end(); I != E; ++I) {
        visitGlobalValue(*I);

        // Check to make sure function prototypes are okay.
        if (I->isDeclaration()) visitFunction(*I);
      }

      for (Module::global_iterator I = M.global_begin(), E = M.global_end(); 
           I != E; ++I)
        visitGlobalVariable(*I);

      for (Module::alias_iterator I = M.alias_begin(), E = M.alias_end(); 
           I != E; ++I)
        visitGlobalAlias(*I);

      for (Module::named_metadata_iterator I = M.named_metadata_begin(),
           E = M.named_metadata_end(); I != E; ++I)
        visitNamedMDNode(*I);

      // If the module is broken, abort at this time.
      return abortIfBroken();
    }

    virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
      AU.setPreservesAll();
      AU.addRequiredID(PreVerifyID);
      AU.addRequired<DominatorTree>();
    }

    /// abortIfBroken - If the module is broken and we are supposed to abort on
    /// this condition, do so.
    ///
    bool abortIfBroken() {
      if (!Broken) return false;
      MessagesStr << "Broken module found, ";
      switch (action) {
      case AbortProcessAction:
        MessagesStr << "compilation aborted!\n";
        dbgs() << MessagesStr.str();
        // Client should choose different reaction if abort is not desired
        abort();
      case PrintMessageAction:
        MessagesStr << "verification continues.\n";
        dbgs() << MessagesStr.str();
        return false;
      case ReturnStatusAction:
        MessagesStr << "compilation terminated.\n";
        return true;
      }
      llvm_unreachable("Invalid action");
    }


    // Verification methods...
    void visitGlobalValue(GlobalValue &GV);
    void visitGlobalVariable(GlobalVariable &GV);
    void visitGlobalAlias(GlobalAlias &GA);
    void visitNamedMDNode(NamedMDNode &NMD);
    void visitMDNode(MDNode &MD, Function *F);
    void visitFunction(Function &F);
    void visitBasicBlock(BasicBlock &BB);
    using InstVisitor<Verifier>::visit;

    void visit(Instruction &I);

    void visitTruncInst(TruncInst &I);
    void visitZExtInst(ZExtInst &I);
    void visitSExtInst(SExtInst &I);
    void visitFPTruncInst(FPTruncInst &I);
    void visitFPExtInst(FPExtInst &I);
    void visitFPToUIInst(FPToUIInst &I);
    void visitFPToSIInst(FPToSIInst &I);
    void visitUIToFPInst(UIToFPInst &I);
    void visitSIToFPInst(SIToFPInst &I);
    void visitIntToPtrInst(IntToPtrInst &I);
    void visitPtrToIntInst(PtrToIntInst &I);
    void visitBitCastInst(BitCastInst &I);
    void visitPHINode(PHINode &PN);
    void visitBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator &B);
    void visitICmpInst(ICmpInst &IC);
    void visitFCmpInst(FCmpInst &FC);
    void visitExtractElementInst(ExtractElementInst &EI);
    void visitInsertElementInst(InsertElementInst &EI);
    void visitShuffleVectorInst(ShuffleVectorInst &EI);
    void visitVAArgInst(VAArgInst &VAA) { visitInstruction(VAA); }
    void visitCallInst(CallInst &CI);
    void visitInvokeInst(InvokeInst &II);
    void visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &GEP);
    void visitLoadInst(LoadInst &LI);
    void visitStoreInst(StoreInst &SI);
    void verifyDominatesUse(Instruction &I, unsigned i);
    void visitInstruction(Instruction &I);
    void visitTerminatorInst(TerminatorInst &I);
    void visitBranchInst(BranchInst &BI);
    void visitReturnInst(ReturnInst &RI);
    void visitSwitchInst(SwitchInst &SI);
    void visitIndirectBrInst(IndirectBrInst &BI);
    void visitSelectInst(SelectInst &SI);
    void visitUserOp1(Instruction &I);
    void visitUserOp2(Instruction &I) { visitUserOp1(I); }
    void visitIntrinsicFunctionCall(Intrinsic::ID ID, CallInst &CI);
    void visitAtomicCmpXchgInst(AtomicCmpXchgInst &CXI);
    void visitAtomicRMWInst(AtomicRMWInst &RMWI);
    void visitFenceInst(FenceInst &FI);
    void visitAllocaInst(AllocaInst &AI);
    void visitExtractValueInst(ExtractValueInst &EVI);
    void visitInsertValueInst(InsertValueInst &IVI);
    void visitLandingPadInst(LandingPadInst &LPI);

    void VerifyCallSite(CallSite CS);
    bool PerformTypeCheck(Intrinsic::ID ID, Function *F, Type *Ty,
                          int VT, unsigned ArgNo, std::string &Suffix);
    bool VerifyIntrinsicType(Type *Ty,
                             ArrayRef<Intrinsic::IITDescriptor> &Infos,
                             SmallVectorImpl<Type*> &ArgTys);
    void VerifyParameterAttrs(Attributes Attrs, Type *Ty,
                              bool isReturnValue, const Value *V);
    void VerifyFunctionAttrs(FunctionType *FT, const AttrListPtr &Attrs,
                             const Value *V);

    void WriteValue(const Value *V) {
      if (!V) return;
      if (isa<Instruction>(V)) {
        MessagesStr << *V << '\n';
      } else {
        WriteAsOperand(MessagesStr, V, true, Mod);
        MessagesStr << '\n';
      }
    }

    void WriteType(Type *T) {
      if (!T) return;
      MessagesStr << ' ' << *T;
    }


    // CheckFailed - A check failed, so print out the condition and the message
    // that failed.  This provides a nice place to put a breakpoint if you want
    // to see why something is not correct.
    void CheckFailed(const Twine &Message,
                     const Value *V1 = 0, const Value *V2 = 0,
                     const Value *V3 = 0, const Value *V4 = 0) {
      MessagesStr << Message.str() << "\n";
      WriteValue(V1);
      WriteValue(V2);
      WriteValue(V3);
      WriteValue(V4);
      Broken = true;
    }

    void CheckFailed(const Twine &Message, const Value *V1,
                     Type *T2, const Value *V3 = 0) {
      MessagesStr << Message.str() << "\n";
      WriteValue(V1);
      WriteType(T2);
      WriteValue(V3);
      Broken = true;
    }

    void CheckFailed(const Twine &Message, Type *T1,
                     Type *T2 = 0, Type *T3 = 0) {
      MessagesStr << Message.str() << "\n";
      WriteType(T1);
      WriteType(T2);
      WriteType(T3);
      Broken = true;
    }
  };
} // End anonymous namespace

char Verifier::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(Verifier, "verify", "Module Verifier", false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(PreVerifier)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTree)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(Verifier, "verify", "Module Verifier", false, false)

// Assert - We know that cond should be true, if not print an error message.
#define Assert(C, M) \
  do { if (!(C)) { CheckFailed(M); return; } } while (0)
#define Assert1(C, M, V1) \
  do { if (!(C)) { CheckFailed(M, V1); return; } } while (0)
#define Assert2(C, M, V1, V2) \
  do { if (!(C)) { CheckFailed(M, V1, V2); return; } } while (0)
#define Assert3(C, M, V1, V2, V3) \
  do { if (!(C)) { CheckFailed(M, V1, V2, V3); return; } } while (0)
#define Assert4(C, M, V1, V2, V3, V4) \
  do { if (!(C)) { CheckFailed(M, V1, V2, V3, V4); return; } } while (0)

void Verifier::visit(Instruction &I) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = I.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
    Assert1(I.getOperand(i) != 0, "Operand is null", &I);
  InstVisitor<Verifier>::visit(I);
}


void Verifier::visitGlobalValue(GlobalValue &GV) {
  Assert1(!GV.isDeclaration() ||
          GV.isMaterializable() ||
          GV.hasExternalLinkage() ||
          GV.hasDLLImportLinkage() ||
          GV.hasExternalWeakLinkage() ||
          (isa<GlobalAlias>(GV) &&
           (GV.hasLocalLinkage() || GV.hasWeakLinkage())),
  "Global is external, but doesn't have external or dllimport or weak linkage!",
          &GV);

  Assert1(!GV.hasDLLImportLinkage() || GV.isDeclaration(),
          "Global is marked as dllimport, but not external", &GV);

  Assert1(!GV.hasAppendingLinkage() || isa<GlobalVariable>(GV),
          "Only global variables can have appending linkage!", &GV);

  if (GV.hasAppendingLinkage()) {
    GlobalVariable *GVar = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(&GV);
    Assert1(GVar && GVar->getType()->getElementType()->isArrayTy(),
            "Only global arrays can have appending linkage!", GVar);
  }

  Assert1(!GV.hasLinkOnceODRAutoHideLinkage() || GV.hasDefaultVisibility(),
          "linkonce_odr_auto_hide can only have default visibility!",
          &GV);
}

void Verifier::visitGlobalVariable(GlobalVariable &GV) {
  if (GV.hasInitializer()) {
    Assert1(GV.getInitializer()->getType() == GV.getType()->getElementType(),
            "Global variable initializer type does not match global "
            "variable type!", &GV);

    // If the global has common linkage, it must have a zero initializer and
    // cannot be constant.
    if (GV.hasCommonLinkage()) {
      Assert1(GV.getInitializer()->isNullValue(),
              "'common' global must have a zero initializer!", &GV);
      Assert1(!GV.isConstant(), "'common' global may not be marked constant!",
              &GV);
    }
  } else {
    Assert1(GV.hasExternalLinkage() || GV.hasDLLImportLinkage() ||
            GV.hasExternalWeakLinkage(),
            "invalid linkage type for global declaration", &GV);
  }

  if (GV.hasName() && (GV.getName() == "llvm.global_ctors" ||
                       GV.getName() == "llvm.global_dtors")) {
    Assert1(!GV.hasInitializer() || GV.hasAppendingLinkage(),
            "invalid linkage for intrinsic global variable", &GV);
    // Don't worry about emitting an error for it not being an array,
    // visitGlobalValue will complain on appending non-array.
    if (ArrayType *ATy = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(GV.getType())) {
      StructType *STy = dyn_cast<StructType>(ATy->getElementType());
      PointerType *FuncPtrTy =
          FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(*Context), false)->getPointerTo();
      Assert1(STy && STy->getNumElements() == 2 &&
              STy->getTypeAtIndex(0u)->isIntegerTy(32) &&
              STy->getTypeAtIndex(1) == FuncPtrTy,
              "wrong type for intrinsic global variable", &GV);
    }
  }

  visitGlobalValue(GV);
}

void Verifier::visitGlobalAlias(GlobalAlias &GA) {
  Assert1(!GA.getName().empty(),
          "Alias name cannot be empty!", &GA);
  Assert1(GA.hasExternalLinkage() || GA.hasLocalLinkage() ||
          GA.hasWeakLinkage(),
          "Alias should have external or external weak linkage!", &GA);
  Assert1(GA.getAliasee(),
          "Aliasee cannot be NULL!", &GA);
  Assert1(GA.getType() == GA.getAliasee()->getType(),
          "Alias and aliasee types should match!", &GA);
  Assert1(!GA.hasUnnamedAddr(), "Alias cannot have unnamed_addr!", &GA);

  if (!isa<GlobalValue>(GA.getAliasee())) {
    const ConstantExpr *CE = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(GA.getAliasee());
    Assert1(CE && 
            (CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::BitCast ||
             CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::GetElementPtr) &&
            isa<GlobalValue>(CE->getOperand(0)),
            "Aliasee should be either GlobalValue or bitcast of GlobalValue",
            &GA);
  }

  const GlobalValue* Aliasee = GA.resolveAliasedGlobal(/*stopOnWeak*/ false);
  Assert1(Aliasee,
          "Aliasing chain should end with function or global variable", &GA);

  visitGlobalValue(GA);
}

void Verifier::visitNamedMDNode(NamedMDNode &NMD) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = NMD.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MDNode *MD = NMD.getOperand(i);
    if (!MD)
      continue;

    Assert1(!MD->isFunctionLocal(),
            "Named metadata operand cannot be function local!", MD);
    visitMDNode(*MD, 0);
  }
}

void Verifier::visitMDNode(MDNode &MD, Function *F) {
  // Only visit each node once.  Metadata can be mutually recursive, so this
  // avoids infinite recursion here, as well as being an optimization.
  if (!MDNodes.insert(&MD))
    return;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MD.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    Value *Op = MD.getOperand(i);
    if (!Op)
      continue;
    if (isa<Constant>(Op) || isa<MDString>(Op))
      continue;
    if (MDNode *N = dyn_cast<MDNode>(Op)) {
      Assert2(MD.isFunctionLocal() || !N->isFunctionLocal(),
              "Global metadata operand cannot be function local!", &MD, N);
      visitMDNode(*N, F);
      continue;
    }
    Assert2(MD.isFunctionLocal(), "Invalid operand for global metadata!", &MD, Op);

    // If this was an instruction, bb, or argument, verify that it is in the
    // function that we expect.
    Function *ActualF = 0;
    if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op))
      ActualF = I->getParent()->getParent();
    else if (BasicBlock *BB = dyn_cast<BasicBlock>(Op))
      ActualF = BB->getParent();
    else if (Argument *A = dyn_cast<Argument>(Op))
      ActualF = A->getParent();
    assert(ActualF && "Unimplemented function local metadata case!");

    Assert2(ActualF == F, "function-local metadata used in wrong function",
            &MD, Op);
  }
}

// VerifyParameterAttrs - Check the given attributes for an argument or return
// value of the specified type.  The value V is printed in error messages.
void Verifier::VerifyParameterAttrs(Attributes Attrs, Type *Ty,
                                    bool isReturnValue, const Value *V) {
  if (Attrs == Attribute::None)
    return;

  Attributes FnCheckAttr = Attrs & Attribute::FunctionOnly;
  Assert1(!FnCheckAttr, "Attribute " + FnCheckAttr.getAsString() +
          " only applies to the function!", V);

  if (isReturnValue) {
    Attributes RetI = Attrs & Attribute::ParameterOnly;
    Assert1(!RetI, "Attribute " + RetI.getAsString() +
            " does not apply to return values!", V);
  }

  for (unsigned i = 0;
       i < array_lengthof(Attribute::MutuallyIncompatible); ++i) {
    Attributes MutI = Attrs & Attribute::MutuallyIncompatible[i];
    Assert1(MutI.isEmptyOrSingleton(), "Attributes " +
            MutI.getAsString() + " are incompatible!", V);
  }

  Attributes TypeI = Attrs & Attributes::typeIncompatible(Ty);
  Assert1(!TypeI, "Wrong type for attribute " +
          TypeI.getAsString(), V);

  Attributes ByValI = Attrs & Attribute::ByVal;
  if (PointerType *PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(Ty)) {
    Assert1(!ByValI || PTy->getElementType()->isSized(),
            "Attribute " + ByValI.getAsString() +
            " does not support unsized types!", V);
  } else {
    Assert1(!ByValI,
            "Attribute " + ByValI.getAsString() +
            " only applies to parameters with pointer type!", V);
  }
}

// VerifyFunctionAttrs - Check parameter attributes against a function type.
// The value V is printed in error messages.
void Verifier::VerifyFunctionAttrs(FunctionType *FT,
                                   const AttrListPtr &Attrs,
                                   const Value *V) {
  if (Attrs.isEmpty())
    return;

  bool SawNest = false;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Attrs.getNumSlots(); i != e; ++i) {
    const AttributeWithIndex &Attr = Attrs.getSlot(i);

    Type *Ty;
    if (Attr.Index == 0)
      Ty = FT->getReturnType();
    else if (Attr.Index-1 < FT->getNumParams())
      Ty = FT->getParamType(Attr.Index-1);
    else
      break;  // VarArgs attributes, verified elsewhere.

    VerifyParameterAttrs(Attr.Attrs, Ty, Attr.Index == 0, V);

    if (Attr.Attrs.hasNestAttr()) {
      Assert1(!SawNest, "More than one parameter has attribute nest!", V);
      SawNest = true;
    }

    if (Attr.Attrs.hasStructRetAttr())
      Assert1(Attr.Index == 1, "Attribute sret not on first parameter!", V);
  }

  Attributes FAttrs = Attrs.getFnAttributes();
  Attributes NotFn = FAttrs & (~Attribute::FunctionOnly);
  Assert1(!NotFn, "Attribute " + NotFn.getAsString() +
          " does not apply to the function!", V);

  for (unsigned i = 0;
       i < array_lengthof(Attribute::MutuallyIncompatible); ++i) {
    Attributes MutI = FAttrs & Attribute::MutuallyIncompatible[i];
    Assert1(MutI.isEmptyOrSingleton(), "Attributes " +
            MutI.getAsString() + " are incompatible!", V);
  }
}

static bool VerifyAttributeCount(const AttrListPtr &Attrs, unsigned Params) {
  if (Attrs.isEmpty())
    return true;

  unsigned LastSlot = Attrs.getNumSlots() - 1;
  unsigned LastIndex = Attrs.getSlot(LastSlot).Index;
  if (LastIndex <= Params
      || (LastIndex == (unsigned)~0
          && (LastSlot == 0 || Attrs.getSlot(LastSlot - 1).Index <= Params)))  
    return true;

  return false;
}

// visitFunction - Verify that a function is ok.
//
void Verifier::visitFunction(Function &F) {
  // Check function arguments.
  FunctionType *FT = F.getFunctionType();
  unsigned NumArgs = F.arg_size();

  Assert1(Context == &F.getContext(),
          "Function context does not match Module context!", &F);

  Assert1(!F.hasCommonLinkage(), "Functions may not have common linkage", &F);
  Assert2(FT->getNumParams() == NumArgs,
          "# formal arguments must match # of arguments for function type!",
          &F, FT);
  Assert1(F.getReturnType()->isFirstClassType() ||
          F.getReturnType()->isVoidTy() || 
          F.getReturnType()->isStructTy(),
          "Functions cannot return aggregate values!", &F);

  Assert1(!F.hasStructRetAttr() || F.getReturnType()->isVoidTy(),
          "Invalid struct return type!", &F);

  const AttrListPtr &Attrs = F.getAttributes();

  Assert1(VerifyAttributeCount(Attrs, FT->getNumParams()),
          "Attributes after last parameter!", &F);

  // Check function attributes.
  VerifyFunctionAttrs(FT, Attrs, &F);

  // Check that this function meets the restrictions on this calling convention.
  switch (F.getCallingConv()) {
  default:
    break;
  case CallingConv::C:
    break;
  case CallingConv::Fast:
  case CallingConv::Cold:
  case CallingConv::X86_FastCall:
  case CallingConv::X86_ThisCall:
  case CallingConv::PTX_Kernel:
  case CallingConv::PTX_Device:
    Assert1(!F.isVarArg(),
            "Varargs functions must have C calling conventions!", &F);
    break;
  }

  bool isLLVMdotName = F.getName().size() >= 5 &&
                       F.getName().substr(0, 5) == "llvm.";

  // Check that the argument values match the function type for this function...
  unsigned i = 0;
  for (Function::arg_iterator I = F.arg_begin(), E = F.arg_end();
       I != E; ++I, ++i) {
    Assert2(I->getType() == FT->getParamType(i),
            "Argument value does not match function argument type!",
            I, FT->getParamType(i));
    Assert1(I->getType()->isFirstClassType(),
            "Function arguments must have first-class types!", I);
    if (!isLLVMdotName)
      Assert2(!I->getType()->isMetadataTy(),
              "Function takes metadata but isn't an intrinsic", I, &F);
  }

  if (F.isMaterializable()) {
    // Function has a body somewhere we can't see.
  } else if (F.isDeclaration()) {
    Assert1(F.hasExternalLinkage() || F.hasDLLImportLinkage() ||
            F.hasExternalWeakLinkage(),
            "invalid linkage type for function declaration", &F);
  } else {
    // Verify that this function (which has a body) is not named "llvm.*".  It
    // is not legal to define intrinsics.
    Assert1(!isLLVMdotName, "llvm intrinsics cannot be defined!", &F);
    
    // Check the entry node
    BasicBlock *Entry = &F.getEntryBlock();
    Assert1(pred_begin(Entry) == pred_end(Entry),
            "Entry block to function must not have predecessors!", Entry);
    
    // The address of the entry block cannot be taken, unless it is dead.
    if (Entry->hasAddressTaken()) {
      Assert1(!BlockAddress::get(Entry)->isConstantUsed(),
              "blockaddress may not be used with the entry block!", Entry);
    }
  }
 
  // If this function is actually an intrinsic, verify that it is only used in
  // direct call/invokes, never having its "address taken".
  if (F.getIntrinsicID()) {
    const User *U;
    if (F.hasAddressTaken(&U))
      Assert1(0, "Invalid user of intrinsic instruction!", U); 
  }
}

// verifyBasicBlock - Verify that a basic block is well formed...
//
void Verifier::visitBasicBlock(BasicBlock &BB) {
  InstsInThisBlock.clear();

  // Ensure that basic blocks have terminators!
  Assert1(BB.getTerminator(), "Basic Block does not have terminator!", &BB);

  // Check constraints that this basic block imposes on all of the PHI nodes in
  // it.
  if (isa<PHINode>(BB.front())) {
    SmallVector<BasicBlock*, 8> Preds(pred_begin(&BB), pred_end(&BB));
    SmallVector<std::pair<BasicBlock*, Value*>, 8> Values;
    std::sort(Preds.begin(), Preds.end());
    PHINode *PN;
    for (BasicBlock::iterator I = BB.begin(); (PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(I));++I) {
      // Ensure that PHI nodes have at least one entry!
      Assert1(PN->getNumIncomingValues() != 0,
              "PHI nodes must have at least one entry.  If the block is dead, "
              "the PHI should be removed!", PN);
      Assert1(PN->getNumIncomingValues() == Preds.size(),
              "PHINode should have one entry for each predecessor of its "
              "parent basic block!", PN);

      // Get and sort all incoming values in the PHI node...
      Values.clear();
      Values.reserve(PN->getNumIncomingValues());
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
        Values.push_back(std::make_pair(PN->getIncomingBlock(i),
                                        PN->getIncomingValue(i)));
      std::sort(Values.begin(), Values.end());

      for (unsigned i = 0, e = Values.size(); i != e; ++i) {
        // Check to make sure that if there is more than one entry for a
        // particular basic block in this PHI node, that the incoming values are
        // all identical.
        //
        Assert4(i == 0 || Values[i].first  != Values[i-1].first ||
                Values[i].second == Values[i-1].second,
                "PHI node has multiple entries for the same basic block with "
                "different incoming values!", PN, Values[i].first,
                Values[i].second, Values[i-1].second);

        // Check to make sure that the predecessors and PHI node entries are
        // matched up.
        Assert3(Values[i].first == Preds[i],
                "PHI node entries do not match predecessors!", PN,
                Values[i].first, Preds[i]);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Verifier::visitTerminatorInst(TerminatorInst &I) {
  // Ensure that terminators only exist at the end of the basic block.
  Assert1(&I == I.getParent()->getTerminator(),
          "Terminator found in the middle of a basic block!", I.getParent());
  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitBranchInst(BranchInst &BI) {
  if (BI.isConditional()) {
    Assert2(BI.getCondition()->getType()->isIntegerTy(1),
            "Branch condition is not 'i1' type!", &BI, BI.getCondition());
  }
  visitTerminatorInst(BI);
}

void Verifier::visitReturnInst(ReturnInst &RI) {
  Function *F = RI.getParent()->getParent();
  unsigned N = RI.getNumOperands();
  if (F->getReturnType()->isVoidTy()) 
    Assert2(N == 0,
            "Found return instr that returns non-void in Function of void "
            "return type!", &RI, F->getReturnType());
  else
    Assert2(N == 1 && F->getReturnType() == RI.getOperand(0)->getType(),
            "Function return type does not match operand "
            "type of return inst!", &RI, F->getReturnType());

  // Check to make sure that the return value has necessary properties for
  // terminators...
  visitTerminatorInst(RI);
}

void Verifier::visitSwitchInst(SwitchInst &SI) {
  // Check to make sure that all of the constants in the switch instruction
  // have the same type as the switched-on value.
  Type *SwitchTy = SI.getCondition()->getType();
  IntegerType *IntTy = cast<IntegerType>(SwitchTy);
  IntegersSubsetToBB Mapping;
  std::map<IntegersSubset::Range, unsigned> RangeSetMap;
  for (SwitchInst::CaseIt i = SI.case_begin(), e = SI.case_end(); i != e; ++i) {
    IntegersSubset CaseRanges = i.getCaseValueEx();
    for (unsigned ri = 0, rie = CaseRanges.getNumItems(); ri < rie; ++ri) {
      IntegersSubset::Range r = CaseRanges.getItem(ri);
      Assert1(((const APInt&)r.getLow()).getBitWidth() == IntTy->getBitWidth(),
              "Switch constants must all be same type as switch value!", &SI);
      Assert1(((const APInt&)r.getHigh()).getBitWidth() == IntTy->getBitWidth(),
              "Switch constants must all be same type as switch value!", &SI);
      Mapping.add(r);
      RangeSetMap[r] = i.getCaseIndex();
    }
  }
  
  IntegersSubsetToBB::RangeIterator errItem;
  if (!Mapping.verify(errItem)) {
    unsigned CaseIndex = RangeSetMap[errItem->first];
    SwitchInst::CaseIt i(&SI, CaseIndex);
    Assert2(false, "Duplicate integer as switch case", &SI, i.getCaseValueEx());
  }
  
  visitTerminatorInst(SI);
}

void Verifier::visitIndirectBrInst(IndirectBrInst &BI) {
  Assert1(BI.getAddress()->getType()->isPointerTy(),
          "Indirectbr operand must have pointer type!", &BI);
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = BI.getNumDestinations(); i != e; ++i)
    Assert1(BI.getDestination(i)->getType()->isLabelTy(),
            "Indirectbr destinations must all have pointer type!", &BI);

  visitTerminatorInst(BI);
}

void Verifier::visitSelectInst(SelectInst &SI) {
  Assert1(!SelectInst::areInvalidOperands(SI.getOperand(0), SI.getOperand(1),
                                          SI.getOperand(2)),
          "Invalid operands for select instruction!", &SI);

  Assert1(SI.getTrueValue()->getType() == SI.getType(),
          "Select values must have same type as select instruction!", &SI);
  visitInstruction(SI);
}

/// visitUserOp1 - User defined operators shouldn't live beyond the lifetime of
/// a pass, if any exist, it's an error.
///
void Verifier::visitUserOp1(Instruction &I) {
  Assert1(0, "User-defined operators should not live outside of a pass!", &I);
}

void Verifier::visitTruncInst(TruncInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

  Assert1(SrcTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "Trunc only operates on integer", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "Trunc only produces integer", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "trunc source and destination must both be a vector or neither", &I);
  Assert1(SrcBitSize > DestBitSize,"DestTy too big for Trunc", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitZExtInst(ZExtInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  Assert1(SrcTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "ZExt only operates on integer", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "ZExt only produces an integer", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "zext source and destination must both be a vector or neither", &I);
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

  Assert1(SrcBitSize < DestBitSize,"Type too small for ZExt", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitSExtInst(SExtInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

  Assert1(SrcTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "SExt only operates on integer", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "SExt only produces an integer", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "sext source and destination must both be a vector or neither", &I);
  Assert1(SrcBitSize < DestBitSize,"Type too small for SExt", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitFPTruncInst(FPTruncInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();
  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

  Assert1(SrcTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),"FPTrunc only operates on FP", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),"FPTrunc only produces an FP", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "fptrunc source and destination must both be a vector or neither",&I);
  Assert1(SrcBitSize > DestBitSize,"DestTy too big for FPTrunc", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitFPExtInst(FPExtInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

  Assert1(SrcTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),"FPExt only operates on FP", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),"FPExt only produces an FP", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "fpext source and destination must both be a vector or neither", &I);
  Assert1(SrcBitSize < DestBitSize,"DestTy too small for FPExt", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitUIToFPInst(UIToFPInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  bool SrcVec = SrcTy->isVectorTy();
  bool DstVec = DestTy->isVectorTy();

  Assert1(SrcVec == DstVec,
          "UIToFP source and dest must both be vector or scalar", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
          "UIToFP source must be integer or integer vector", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
          "UIToFP result must be FP or FP vector", &I);

  if (SrcVec && DstVec)
    Assert1(cast<VectorType>(SrcTy)->getNumElements() ==
            cast<VectorType>(DestTy)->getNumElements(),
            "UIToFP source and dest vector length mismatch", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitSIToFPInst(SIToFPInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  bool SrcVec = SrcTy->isVectorTy();
  bool DstVec = DestTy->isVectorTy();

  Assert1(SrcVec == DstVec,
          "SIToFP source and dest must both be vector or scalar", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
          "SIToFP source must be integer or integer vector", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
          "SIToFP result must be FP or FP vector", &I);

  if (SrcVec && DstVec)
    Assert1(cast<VectorType>(SrcTy)->getNumElements() ==
            cast<VectorType>(DestTy)->getNumElements(),
            "SIToFP source and dest vector length mismatch", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitFPToUIInst(FPToUIInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  bool SrcVec = SrcTy->isVectorTy();
  bool DstVec = DestTy->isVectorTy();

  Assert1(SrcVec == DstVec,
          "FPToUI source and dest must both be vector or scalar", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(), "FPToUI source must be FP or FP vector",
          &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
          "FPToUI result must be integer or integer vector", &I);

  if (SrcVec && DstVec)
    Assert1(cast<VectorType>(SrcTy)->getNumElements() ==
            cast<VectorType>(DestTy)->getNumElements(),
            "FPToUI source and dest vector length mismatch", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitFPToSIInst(FPToSIInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  bool SrcVec = SrcTy->isVectorTy();
  bool DstVec = DestTy->isVectorTy();

  Assert1(SrcVec == DstVec,
          "FPToSI source and dest must both be vector or scalar", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
          "FPToSI source must be FP or FP vector", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
          "FPToSI result must be integer or integer vector", &I);

  if (SrcVec && DstVec)
    Assert1(cast<VectorType>(SrcTy)->getNumElements() ==
            cast<VectorType>(DestTy)->getNumElements(),
            "FPToSI source and dest vector length mismatch", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitPtrToIntInst(PtrToIntInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  Assert1(SrcTy->getScalarType()->isPointerTy(),
          "PtrToInt source must be pointer", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->getScalarType()->isIntegerTy(),
          "PtrToInt result must be integral", &I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "PtrToInt type mismatch", &I);

  if (SrcTy->isVectorTy()) {
    VectorType *VSrc = dyn_cast<VectorType>(SrcTy);
    VectorType *VDest = dyn_cast<VectorType>(DestTy);
    Assert1(VSrc->getNumElements() == VDest->getNumElements(),
          "PtrToInt Vector width mismatch", &I);
  }

  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitIntToPtrInst(IntToPtrInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  Assert1(SrcTy->getScalarType()->isIntegerTy(),
          "IntToPtr source must be an integral", &I);
  Assert1(DestTy->getScalarType()->isPointerTy(),
          "IntToPtr result must be a pointer",&I);
  Assert1(SrcTy->isVectorTy() == DestTy->isVectorTy(),
          "IntToPtr type mismatch", &I);
  if (SrcTy->isVectorTy()) {
    VectorType *VSrc = dyn_cast<VectorType>(SrcTy);
    VectorType *VDest = dyn_cast<VectorType>(DestTy);
    Assert1(VSrc->getNumElements() == VDest->getNumElements(),
          "IntToPtr Vector width mismatch", &I);
  }
  visitInstruction(I);
}

void Verifier::visitBitCastInst(BitCastInst &I) {
  // Get the source and destination types
  Type *SrcTy = I.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *DestTy = I.getType();

  // Get the size of the types in bits, we'll need this later
  unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
  unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();

  // BitCast implies a no-op cast of type only. No bits change.
  // However, you can't cast pointers to anything but pointers.
  Assert1(SrcTy->isPointerTy() == DestTy->isPointerTy(),
          "Bitcast requires both operands to be pointer or neither", &I);
  Assert1(SrcBitSize == DestBitSize, "Bitcast requires types of same width",&I);

  // Disallow aggregates.
  Assert1(!SrcTy->isAggregateType(),
          "Bitcast operand must not be aggregate", &I);
  Assert1(!DestTy->isAggregateType(),
          "Bitcast type must not be aggregate", &I);

  visitInstruction(I);
}

/// visitPHINode - Ensure that a PHI node is well formed.
///
void Verifier::visitPHINode(PHINode &PN) {
  // Ensure that the PHI nodes are all grouped together at the top of the block.
  // This can be tested by checking whether the instruction before this is
  // either nonexistent (because this is begin()) or is a PHI node.  If not,
  // then there is some other instruction before a PHI.
  Assert2(&PN == &PN.getParent()->front() || 
          isa<PHINode>(--BasicBlock::iterator(&PN)),
          "PHI nodes not grouped at top of basic block!",
          &PN, PN.getParent());

  // Check that all of the values of the PHI node have the same type as the
  // result, and that the incoming blocks are really basic blocks.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN.getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
    Assert1(PN.getType() == PN.getIncomingValue(i)->getType(),
            "PHI node operands are not the same type as the result!", &PN);
  }

  // All other PHI node constraints are checked in the visitBasicBlock method.

  visitInstruction(PN);
}

void Verifier::VerifyCallSite(CallSite CS) {
  Instruction *I = CS.getInstruction();

  Assert1(CS.getCalledValue()->getType()->isPointerTy(),
          "Called function must be a pointer!", I);
  PointerType *FPTy = cast<PointerType>(CS.getCalledValue()->getType());

  Assert1(FPTy->getElementType()->isFunctionTy(),
          "Called function is not pointer to function type!", I);
  FunctionType *FTy = cast<FunctionType>(FPTy->getElementType());

  // Verify that the correct number of arguments are being passed
  if (FTy->isVarArg())
    Assert1(CS.arg_size() >= FTy->getNumParams(),
            "Called function requires more parameters than were provided!",I);
  else
    Assert1(CS.arg_size() == FTy->getNumParams(),
            "Incorrect number of arguments passed to called function!", I);

  // Verify that all arguments to the call match the function type.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = FTy->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
    Assert3(CS.getArgument(i)->getType() == FTy->getParamType(i),
            "Call parameter type does not match function signature!",
            CS.getArgument(i), FTy->getParamType(i), I);

  const AttrListPtr &Attrs = CS.getAttributes();

  Assert1(VerifyAttributeCount(Attrs, CS.arg_size()),
          "Attributes after last parameter!", I);

  // Verify call attributes.
  VerifyFunctionAttrs(FTy, Attrs, I);

  if (FTy->isVarArg())
    // Check attributes on the varargs part.
    for (unsigned Idx = 1 + FTy->getNumParams(); Idx <= CS.arg_size(); ++Idx) {
      Attributes Attr = Attrs.getParamAttributes(Idx);

      VerifyParameterAttrs(Attr, CS.getArgument(Idx-1)->getType(), false, I);

      Attributes VArgI = Attr & Attribute::VarArgsIncompatible;
      Assert1(!VArgI, "Attribute " + VArgI.getAsString() +
              " cannot be used for vararg call arguments!", I);
    }

  // Verify that there's no metadata unless it's a direct call to an intrinsic.
  if (CS.getCalledFunction() == 0 ||
      !CS.getCalledFunction()->getName().startswith("llvm.")) {
    for (FunctionType::param_iterator PI = FTy->param_begin(),
           PE = FTy->param_end(); PI != PE; ++PI)
      Assert1(!(*PI)->isMetadataTy(),
              "Function has metadata parameter but isn't an intrinsic", I);
  }

  visitInstruction(*I);
}

void Verifier::visitCallInst(CallInst &CI) {
  VerifyCallSite(&CI);

  if (Function *F = CI.getCalledFunction())
    if (Intrinsic::ID ID = (Intrinsic::ID)F->getIntrinsicID())
      visitIntrinsicFunctionCall(ID, CI);
}

void Verifier::visitInvokeInst(InvokeInst &II) {
  VerifyCallSite(&II);

  // Verify that there is a landingpad instruction as the first non-PHI
  // instruction of the 'unwind' destination.
  Assert1(II.getUnwindDest()->isLandingPad(),
          "The unwind destination does not have a landingpad instruction!",&II);

  visitTerminatorInst(II);
}

/// visitBinaryOperator - Check that both arguments to the binary operator are
/// of the same type!
///
void Verifier::visitBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator &B) {
  Assert1(B.getOperand(0)->getType() == B.getOperand(1)->getType(),
          "Both operands to a binary operator are not of the same type!", &B);

  switch (B.getOpcode()) {
  // Check that integer arithmetic operators are only used with
  // integral operands.
  case Instruction::Add:
  case Instruction::Sub:
  case Instruction::Mul:
  case Instruction::SDiv:
  case Instruction::UDiv:
  case Instruction::SRem:
  case Instruction::URem:
    Assert1(B.getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
            "Integer arithmetic operators only work with integral types!", &B);
    Assert1(B.getType() == B.getOperand(0)->getType(),
            "Integer arithmetic operators must have same type "
            "for operands and result!", &B);
    break;
  // Check that floating-point arithmetic operators are only used with
  // floating-point operands.
  case Instruction::FAdd:
  case Instruction::FSub:
  case Instruction::FMul:
  case Instruction::FDiv:
  case Instruction::FRem:
    Assert1(B.getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
            "Floating-point arithmetic operators only work with "
            "floating-point types!", &B);
    Assert1(B.getType() == B.getOperand(0)->getType(),
            "Floating-point arithmetic operators must have same type "
            "for operands and result!", &B);
    break;
  // Check that logical operators are only used with integral operands.
  case Instruction::And:
  case Instruction::Or:
  case Instruction::Xor:
    Assert1(B.getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
            "Logical operators only work with integral types!", &B);
    Assert1(B.getType() == B.getOperand(0)->getType(),
            "Logical operators must have same type for operands and result!",
            &B);
    break;
  case Instruction::Shl:
  case Instruction::LShr:
  case Instruction::AShr:
    Assert1(B.getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(),
            "Shifts only work with integral types!", &B);
    Assert1(B.getType() == B.getOperand(0)->getType(),
            "Shift return type must be same as operands!", &B);
    break;
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Unknown BinaryOperator opcode!");
  }

  visitInstruction(B);
}

void Verifier::visitICmpInst(ICmpInst &IC) {
  // Check that the operands are the same type
  Type *Op0Ty = IC.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *Op1Ty = IC.getOperand(1)->getType();
  Assert1(Op0Ty == Op1Ty,
          "Both operands to ICmp instruction are not of the same type!", &IC);
  // Check that the operands are the right type
  Assert1(Op0Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy() || Op0Ty->getScalarType()->isPointerTy(),
          "Invalid operand types for ICmp instruction", &IC);
  // Check that the predicate is valid.
  Assert1(IC.getPredicate() >= CmpInst::FIRST_ICMP_PREDICATE &&
          IC.getPredicate() <= CmpInst::LAST_ICMP_PREDICATE,
          "Invalid predicate in ICmp instruction!", &IC);

  visitInstruction(IC);
}

void Verifier::visitFCmpInst(FCmpInst &FC) {
  // Check that the operands are the same type
  Type *Op0Ty = FC.getOperand(0)->getType();
  Type *Op1Ty = FC.getOperand(1)->getType();
  Assert1(Op0Ty == Op1Ty,
          "Both operands to FCmp instruction are not of the same type!", &FC);
  // Check that the operands are the right type
  Assert1(Op0Ty->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
          "Invalid operand types for FCmp instruction", &FC);
  // Check that the predicate is valid.
  Assert1(FC.getPredicate() >= CmpInst::FIRST_FCMP_PREDICATE &&
          FC.getPredicate() <= CmpInst::LAST_FCMP_PREDICATE,
          "Invalid predicate in FCmp instruction!", &FC);

  visitInstruction(FC);
}

void Verifier::visitExtractElementInst(ExtractElementInst &EI) {
  Assert1(ExtractElementInst::isValidOperands(EI.getOperand(0),
                                              EI.getOperand(1)),
          "Invalid extractelement operands!", &EI);
  visitInstruction(EI);
}

void Verifier::visitInsertElementInst(InsertElementInst &IE) {
  Assert1(InsertElementInst::isValidOperands(IE.getOperand(0),
                                             IE.getOperand(1),
                                             IE.getOperand(2)),
          "Invalid insertelement operands!", &IE);
  visitInstruction(IE);
}

void Verifier::visitShuffleVectorInst(ShuffleVectorInst &SV) {
  Assert1(ShuffleVectorInst::isValidOperands(SV.getOperand(0), SV.getOperand(1),
                                             SV.getOperand(2)),
          "Invalid shufflevector operands!", &SV);
  visitInstruction(SV);
}

void Verifier::visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &GEP) {
  Type *TargetTy = GEP.getPointerOperandType()->getScalarType();

  Assert1(isa<PointerType>(TargetTy),
    "GEP base pointer is not a vector or a vector of pointers", &GEP);
  Assert1(cast<PointerType>(TargetTy)->getElementType()->isSized(),
          "GEP into unsized type!", &GEP);

  SmallVector<Value*, 16> Idxs(GEP.idx_begin(), GEP.idx_end());
  Type *ElTy =
    GetElementPtrInst::getIndexedType(GEP.getPointerOperandType(), Idxs);
  Assert1(ElTy, "Invalid indices for GEP pointer type!", &GEP);

  if (GEP.getPointerOperandType()->isPointerTy()) {
    // Validate GEPs with scalar indices.
    Assert2(GEP.getType()->isPointerTy() &&
           cast<PointerType>(GEP.getType())->getElementType() == ElTy,
           "GEP is not of right type for indices!", &GEP, ElTy);
  } else {
    // Validate GEPs with a vector index.
    Assert1(Idxs.size() == 1, "Invalid number of indices!", &GEP);
    Value *Index = Idxs[0];
    Type  *IndexTy = Index->getType();
    Assert1(IndexTy->isVectorTy(),
      "Vector GEP must have vector indices!", &GEP);
    Assert1(GEP.getType()->isVectorTy(),
      "Vector GEP must return a vector value", &GEP);
    Type *ElemPtr = cast<VectorType>(GEP.getType())->getElementType();
    Assert1(ElemPtr->isPointerTy(),
      "Vector GEP pointer operand is not a pointer!", &GEP);
    unsigned IndexWidth = cast<VectorType>(IndexTy)->getNumElements();
    unsigned GepWidth = cast<VectorType>(GEP.getType())->getNumElements();
    Assert1(IndexWidth == GepWidth, "Invalid GEP index vector width", &GEP);
    Assert1(ElTy == cast<PointerType>(ElemPtr)->getElementType(),
      "Vector GEP type does not match pointer type!", &GEP);
  }
  visitInstruction(GEP);
}

static bool isContiguous(const ConstantRange &A, const ConstantRange &B) {
  return A.getUpper() == B.getLower() || A.getLower() == B.getUpper();
}

void Verifier::visitLoadInst(LoadInst &LI) {
  PointerType *PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(LI.getOperand(0)->getType());
  Assert1(PTy, "Load operand must be a pointer.", &LI);
  Type *ElTy = PTy->getElementType();
  Assert2(ElTy == LI.getType(),
          "Load result type does not match pointer operand type!", &LI, ElTy);
  if (LI.isAtomic()) {
    Assert1(LI.getOrdering() != Release && LI.getOrdering() != AcquireRelease,
            "Load cannot have Release ordering", &LI);
    Assert1(LI.getAlignment() != 0,
            "Atomic load must specify explicit alignment", &LI);
    if (!ElTy->isPointerTy()) {
      Assert2(ElTy->isIntegerTy(),
              "atomic store operand must have integer type!",
              &LI, ElTy);
      unsigned Size = ElTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
      Assert2(Size >= 8 && !(Size & (Size - 1)),
              "atomic store operand must be power-of-two byte-sized integer",
              &LI, ElTy);
    }
  } else {
    Assert1(LI.getSynchScope() == CrossThread,
            "Non-atomic load cannot have SynchronizationScope specified", &LI);
  }

  if (MDNode *Range = LI.getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_range)) {
    unsigned NumOperands = Range->getNumOperands();
    Assert1(NumOperands % 2 == 0, "Unfinished range!", Range);
    unsigned NumRanges = NumOperands / 2;
    Assert1(NumRanges >= 1, "It should have at least one range!", Range);

    ConstantRange LastRange(1); // Dummy initial value
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumRanges; ++i) {
      ConstantInt *Low = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Range->getOperand(2*i));
      Assert1(Low, "The lower limit must be an integer!", Low);
      ConstantInt *High = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Range->getOperand(2*i + 1));
      Assert1(High, "The upper limit must be an integer!", High);
      Assert1(High->getType() == Low->getType() &&
              High->getType() == ElTy, "Range types must match load type!",
              &LI);

      APInt HighV = High->getValue();
      APInt LowV = Low->getValue();
      ConstantRange CurRange(LowV, HighV);
      Assert1(!CurRange.isEmptySet() && !CurRange.isFullSet(),
              "Range must not be empty!", Range);
      if (i != 0) {
        Assert1(CurRange.intersectWith(LastRange).isEmptySet(),
                "Intervals are overlapping", Range);
        Assert1(LowV.sgt(LastRange.getLower()), "Intervals are not in order",
                Range);
        Assert1(!isContiguous(CurRange, LastRange), "Intervals are contiguous",
                Range);
      }
      LastRange = ConstantRange(LowV, HighV);
    }
    if (NumRanges > 2) {
      APInt FirstLow =
        dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Range->getOperand(0))->getValue();
      APInt FirstHigh =
        dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Range->getOperand(1))->getValue();
      ConstantRange FirstRange(FirstLow, FirstHigh);
      Assert1(FirstRange.intersectWith(LastRange).isEmptySet(),
              "Intervals are overlapping", Range);
      Assert1(!isContiguous(FirstRange, LastRange), "Intervals are contiguous",
              Range);
    }


  }

  visitInstruction(LI);
}

void Verifier::visitStoreInst(StoreInst &SI) {
  PointerType *PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(SI.getOperand(1)->getType());
  Assert1(PTy, "Store operand must be a pointer.", &SI);
  Type *ElTy = PTy->getElementType();
  Assert2(ElTy == SI.getOperand(0)->getType(),
          "Stored value type does not match pointer operand type!",
          &SI, ElTy);
  if (SI.isAtomic()) {
    Assert1(SI.getOrdering() != Acquire && SI.getOrdering() != AcquireRelease,
            "Store cannot have Acquire ordering", &SI);
    Assert1(SI.getAlignment() != 0,
            "Atomic store must specify explicit alignment", &SI);
    if (!ElTy->isPointerTy()) {
      Assert2(ElTy->isIntegerTy(),
              "atomic store operand must have integer type!",
              &SI, ElTy);
      unsigned Size = ElTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
      Assert2(Size >= 8 && !(Size & (Size - 1)),
              "atomic store operand must be power-of-two byte-sized integer",
              &SI, ElTy);
    }
  } else {
    Assert1(SI.getSynchScope() == CrossThread,
            "Non-atomic store cannot have SynchronizationScope specified", &SI);
  }
  visitInstruction(SI);
}

void Verifier::visitAllocaInst(AllocaInst &AI) {
  PointerType *PTy = AI.getType();
  Assert1(PTy->getAddressSpace() == 0, 
          "Allocation instruction pointer not in the generic address space!",
          &AI);
  Assert1(PTy->getElementType()->isSized(), "Cannot allocate unsized type",
          &AI);
  Assert1(AI.getArraySize()->getType()->isIntegerTy(),
          "Alloca array size must have integer type", &AI);
  visitInstruction(AI);
}

void Verifier::visitAtomicCmpXchgInst(AtomicCmpXchgInst &CXI) {
  Assert1(CXI.getOrdering() != NotAtomic,
          "cmpxchg instructions must be atomic.", &CXI);
  Assert1(CXI.getOrdering() != Unordered,
          "cmpxchg instructions cannot be unordered.", &CXI);
  PointerType *PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(CXI.getOperand(0)->getType());
  Assert1(PTy, "First cmpxchg operand must be a pointer.", &CXI);
  Type *ElTy = PTy->getElementType();
  Assert2(ElTy->isIntegerTy(),
          "cmpxchg operand must have integer type!",
          &CXI, ElTy);
  unsigned Size = ElTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
  Assert2(Size >= 8 && !(Size & (Size - 1)),
          "cmpxchg operand must be power-of-two byte-sized integer",
          &CXI, ElTy);
  Assert2(ElTy == CXI.getOperand(1)->getType(),
          "Expected value type does not match pointer operand type!",
          &CXI, ElTy);
  Assert2(ElTy == CXI.getOperand(2)->getType(),
          "Stored value type does not match pointer operand type!",
          &CXI, ElTy);
  visitInstruction(CXI);
}

void Verifier::visitAtomicRMWInst(AtomicRMWInst &RMWI) {
  Assert1(RMWI.getOrdering() != NotAtomic,
          "atomicrmw instructions must be atomic.", &RMWI);
  Assert1(RMWI.getOrdering() != Unordered,
          "atomicrmw instructions cannot be unordered.", &RMWI);
  PointerType *PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(RMWI.getOperand(0)->getType());
  Assert1(PTy, "First atomicrmw operand must be a pointer.", &RMWI);
  Type *ElTy = PTy->getElementType();
  Assert2(ElTy->isIntegerTy(),
          "atomicrmw operand must have integer type!",
          &RMWI, ElTy);
  unsigned Size = ElTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
  Assert2(Size >= 8 && !(Size & (Size - 1)),
          "atomicrmw operand must be power-of-two byte-sized integer",
          &RMWI, ElTy);
  Assert2(ElTy == RMWI.getOperand(1)->getType(),
          "Argument value type does not match pointer operand type!",
          &RMWI, ElTy);
  Assert1(AtomicRMWInst::FIRST_BINOP <= RMWI.getOperation() &&
          RMWI.getOperation() <= AtomicRMWInst::LAST_BINOP,
          "Invalid binary operation!", &RMWI);
  visitInstruction(RMWI);
}

void Verifier::visitFenceInst(FenceInst &FI) {
  const AtomicOrdering Ordering = FI.getOrdering();
  Assert1(Ordering == Acquire || Ordering == Release ||
          Ordering == AcquireRelease || Ordering == SequentiallyConsistent,
          "fence instructions may only have "
          "acquire, release, acq_rel, or seq_cst ordering.", &FI);
  visitInstruction(FI);
}

void Verifier::visitExtractValueInst(ExtractValueInst &EVI) {
  Assert1(ExtractValueInst::getIndexedType(EVI.getAggregateOperand()->getType(),
                                           EVI.getIndices()) ==
          EVI.getType(),
          "Invalid ExtractValueInst operands!", &EVI);
  
  visitInstruction(EVI);
}

void Verifier::visitInsertValueInst(InsertValueInst &IVI) {
  Assert1(ExtractValueInst::getIndexedType(IVI.getAggregateOperand()->getType(),
                                           IVI.getIndices()) ==
          IVI.getOperand(1)->getType(),
          "Invalid InsertValueInst operands!", &IVI);
  
  visitInstruction(IVI);
}

void Verifier::visitLandingPadInst(LandingPadInst &LPI) {
  BasicBlock *BB = LPI.getParent();

  // The landingpad instruction is ill-formed if it doesn't have any clauses and
  // isn't a cleanup.
  Assert1(LPI.getNumClauses() > 0 || LPI.isCleanup(),
          "LandingPadInst needs at least one clause or to be a cleanup.", &LPI);

  // The landingpad instruction defines its parent as a landing pad block. The
  // landing pad block may be branched to only by the unwind edge of an invoke.
  for (pred_iterator I = pred_begin(BB), E = pred_end(BB); I != E; ++I) {
    const InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>((*I)->getTerminator());
    Assert1(II && II->getUnwindDest() == BB && II->getNormalDest() != BB,
            "Block containing LandingPadInst must be jumped to "
            "only by the unwind edge of an invoke.", &LPI);
  }

  // The landingpad instruction must be the first non-PHI instruction in the
  // block.
  Assert1(LPI.getParent()->getLandingPadInst() == &LPI,
          "LandingPadInst not the first non-PHI instruction in the block.",
          &LPI);

  // The personality functions for all landingpad instructions within the same
  // function should match.
  if (PersonalityFn)
    Assert1(LPI.getPersonalityFn() == PersonalityFn,
            "Personality function doesn't match others in function", &LPI);
  PersonalityFn = LPI.getPersonalityFn();

  // All operands must be constants.
  Assert1(isa<Constant>(PersonalityFn), "Personality function is not constant!",
          &LPI);
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = LPI.getNumClauses(); i < e; ++i) {
    Value *Clause = LPI.getClause(i);
    Assert1(isa<Constant>(Clause), "Clause is not constant!", &LPI);
    if (LPI.isCatch(i)) {
      Assert1(isa<PointerType>(Clause->getType()),
              "Catch operand does not have pointer type!", &LPI);
    } else {
      Assert1(LPI.isFilter(i), "Clause is neither catch nor filter!", &LPI);
      Assert1(isa<ConstantArray>(Clause) || isa<ConstantAggregateZero>(Clause),
              "Filter operand is not an array of constants!", &LPI);
    }
  }

  visitInstruction(LPI);
}

void Verifier::verifyDominatesUse(Instruction &I, unsigned i) {
  Instruction *Op = cast<Instruction>(I.getOperand(i));
  // If the we have an invalid invoke, don't try to compute the dominance.
  // We already reject it in the invoke specific checks and the dominance
  // computation doesn't handle multiple edges.
  if (InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(Op)) {
    if (II->getNormalDest() == II->getUnwindDest())
      return;
  }

  const Use &U = I.getOperandUse(i);
  Assert2(InstsInThisBlock.count(Op) || DT->dominates(Op, U),
          "Instruction does not dominate all uses!", Op, &I);
}

/// verifyInstruction - Verify that an instruction is well formed.
///
void Verifier::visitInstruction(Instruction &I) {
  BasicBlock *BB = I.getParent();
  Assert1(BB, "Instruction not embedded in basic block!", &I);

  if (!isa<PHINode>(I)) {   // Check that non-phi nodes are not self referential
    for (Value::use_iterator UI = I.use_begin(), UE = I.use_end();
         UI != UE; ++UI)
      Assert1(*UI != (User*)&I || !DT->isReachableFromEntry(BB),
              "Only PHI nodes may reference their own value!", &I);
  }

  // Check that void typed values don't have names
  Assert1(!I.getType()->isVoidTy() || !I.hasName(),
          "Instruction has a name, but provides a void value!", &I);

  // Check that the return value of the instruction is either void or a legal
  // value type.
  Assert1(I.getType()->isVoidTy() || 
          I.getType()->isFirstClassType(),
          "Instruction returns a non-scalar type!", &I);

  // Check that the instruction doesn't produce metadata. Calls are already
  // checked against the callee type.
  Assert1(!I.getType()->isMetadataTy() ||
          isa<CallInst>(I) || isa<InvokeInst>(I),
          "Invalid use of metadata!", &I);

  // Check that all uses of the instruction, if they are instructions
  // themselves, actually have parent basic blocks.  If the use is not an
  // instruction, it is an error!
  for (User::use_iterator UI = I.use_begin(), UE = I.use_end();
       UI != UE; ++UI) {
    if (Instruction *Used = dyn_cast<Instruction>(*UI))
      Assert2(Used->getParent() != 0, "Instruction referencing instruction not"
              " embedded in a basic block!", &I, Used);
    else {
      CheckFailed("Use of instruction is not an instruction!", *UI);
      return;
    }
  }

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = I.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    Assert1(I.getOperand(i) != 0, "Instruction has null operand!", &I);

    // Check to make sure that only first-class-values are operands to
    // instructions.
    if (!I.getOperand(i)->getType()->isFirstClassType()) {
      Assert1(0, "Instruction operands must be first-class values!", &I);
    }

    if (Function *F = dyn_cast<Function>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      // Check to make sure that the "address of" an intrinsic function is never
      // taken.
      Assert1(!F->isIntrinsic() || i == (isa<CallInst>(I) ? e-1 : 0),
              "Cannot take the address of an intrinsic!", &I);
      Assert1(!F->isIntrinsic() || isa<CallInst>(I) ||
              F->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::donothing,
              "Cannot invoke an intrinsinc other than donothing", &I);
      Assert1(F->getParent() == Mod, "Referencing function in another module!",
              &I);
    } else if (BasicBlock *OpBB = dyn_cast<BasicBlock>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      Assert1(OpBB->getParent() == BB->getParent(),
              "Referring to a basic block in another function!", &I);
    } else if (Argument *OpArg = dyn_cast<Argument>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      Assert1(OpArg->getParent() == BB->getParent(),
              "Referring to an argument in another function!", &I);
    } else if (GlobalValue *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalValue>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      Assert1(GV->getParent() == Mod, "Referencing global in another module!",
              &I);
    } else if (isa<Instruction>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      verifyDominatesUse(I, i);
    } else if (isa<InlineAsm>(I.getOperand(i))) {
      Assert1((i + 1 == e && isa<CallInst>(I)) ||
              (i + 3 == e && isa<InvokeInst>(I)),
              "Cannot take the address of an inline asm!", &I);
    }
  }

  if (MDNode *MD = I.getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_fpmath)) {
    Assert1(I.getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy(),
            "fpmath requires a floating point result!", &I);
    Assert1(MD->getNumOperands() == 1, "fpmath takes one operand!", &I);
    Value *Op0 = MD->getOperand(0);
    if (ConstantFP *CFP0 = dyn_cast_or_null<ConstantFP>(Op0)) {
      APFloat Accuracy = CFP0->getValueAPF();
      Assert1(Accuracy.isNormal() && !Accuracy.isNegative(),
              "fpmath accuracy not a positive number!", &I);
    } else {
      Assert1(false, "invalid fpmath accuracy!", &I);
    }
  }

  MDNode *MD = I.getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_range);
  Assert1(!MD || isa<LoadInst>(I), "Ranges are only for loads!", &I);

  InstsInThisBlock.insert(&I);
}

/// VerifyIntrinsicType - Verify that the specified type (which comes from an
/// intrinsic argument or return value) matches the type constraints specified
/// by the .td file (e.g. an "any integer" argument really is an integer).
///
/// This return true on error but does not print a message.
bool Verifier::VerifyIntrinsicType(Type *Ty,
                                   ArrayRef<Intrinsic::IITDescriptor> &Infos,
                                   SmallVectorImpl<Type*> &ArgTys) {
  using namespace Intrinsic;

  // If we ran out of descriptors, there are too many arguments.
  if (Infos.empty()) return true; 
  IITDescriptor D = Infos.front();
  Infos = Infos.slice(1);
  
  switch (D.Kind) {
  case IITDescriptor::Void: return !Ty->isVoidTy();
  case IITDescriptor::MMX:  return !Ty->isX86_MMXTy();
  case IITDescriptor::Metadata: return !Ty->isMetadataTy();
  case IITDescriptor::Float: return !Ty->isFloatTy();
  case IITDescriptor::Double: return !Ty->isDoubleTy();
  case IITDescriptor::Integer: return !Ty->isIntegerTy(D.Integer_Width);
  case IITDescriptor::Vector: {
    VectorType *VT = dyn_cast<VectorType>(Ty);
    return VT == 0 || VT->getNumElements() != D.Vector_Width ||
           VerifyIntrinsicType(VT->getElementType(), Infos, ArgTys);
  }
  case IITDescriptor::Pointer: {
    PointerType *PT = dyn_cast<PointerType>(Ty);
    return PT == 0 || PT->getAddressSpace() != D.Pointer_AddressSpace ||
           VerifyIntrinsicType(PT->getElementType(), Infos, ArgTys);
  }
      
  case IITDescriptor::Struct: {
    StructType *ST = dyn_cast<StructType>(Ty);
    if (ST == 0 || ST->getNumElements() != D.Struct_NumElements)
      return true;
    
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = D.Struct_NumElements; i != e; ++i)
      if (VerifyIntrinsicType(ST->getElementType(i), Infos, ArgTys))
        return true;
    return false;
  }
      
  case IITDescriptor::Argument:
    // Two cases here - If this is the second occurrence of an argument, verify
    // that the later instance matches the previous instance. 
    if (D.getArgumentNumber() < ArgTys.size())
      return Ty != ArgTys[D.getArgumentNumber()];  
      
    // Otherwise, if this is the first instance of an argument, record it and
    // verify the "Any" kind.
    assert(D.getArgumentNumber() == ArgTys.size() && "Table consistency error");
    ArgTys.push_back(Ty);
      
    switch (D.getArgumentKind()) {
    case IITDescriptor::AK_AnyInteger: return !Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy();
    case IITDescriptor::AK_AnyFloat:   return !Ty->isFPOrFPVectorTy();
    case IITDescriptor::AK_AnyVector:  return !isa<VectorType>(Ty);
    case IITDescriptor::AK_AnyPointer: return !isa<PointerType>(Ty);
    }
    llvm_unreachable("all argument kinds not covered");
      
  case IITDescriptor::ExtendVecArgument:
    // This may only be used when referring to a previous vector argument.
    return D.getArgumentNumber() >= ArgTys.size() ||
           !isa<VectorType>(ArgTys[D.getArgumentNumber()]) ||
           VectorType::getExtendedElementVectorType(
                       cast<VectorType>(ArgTys[D.getArgumentNumber()])) != Ty;

  case IITDescriptor::TruncVecArgument:
    // This may only be used when referring to a previous vector argument.
    return D.getArgumentNumber() >= ArgTys.size() ||
           !isa<VectorType>(ArgTys[D.getArgumentNumber()]) ||
           VectorType::getTruncatedElementVectorType(
                         cast<VectorType>(ArgTys[D.getArgumentNumber()])) != Ty;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("unhandled");
}

/// visitIntrinsicFunction - Allow intrinsics to be verified in different ways.
///
void Verifier::visitIntrinsicFunctionCall(Intrinsic::ID ID, CallInst &CI) {
  Function *IF = CI.getCalledFunction();
  Assert1(IF->isDeclaration(), "Intrinsic functions should never be defined!",
          IF);

  // Verify that the intrinsic prototype lines up with what the .td files
  // describe.
  FunctionType *IFTy = IF->getFunctionType();
  Assert1(!IFTy->isVarArg(), "Intrinsic prototypes are not varargs", IF);
  
  SmallVector<Intrinsic::IITDescriptor, 8> Table;
  getIntrinsicInfoTableEntries(ID, Table);
  ArrayRef<Intrinsic::IITDescriptor> TableRef = Table;

  SmallVector<Type *, 4> ArgTys;
  Assert1(!VerifyIntrinsicType(IFTy->getReturnType(), TableRef, ArgTys),
          "Intrinsic has incorrect return type!", IF);
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = IFTy->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
    Assert1(!VerifyIntrinsicType(IFTy->getParamType(i), TableRef, ArgTys),
            "Intrinsic has incorrect argument type!", IF);
  Assert1(TableRef.empty(), "Intrinsic has too few arguments!", IF);

  // Now that we have the intrinsic ID and the actual argument types (and we
  // know they are legal for the intrinsic!) get the intrinsic name through the
  // usual means.  This allows us to verify the mangling of argument types into
  // the name.
  Assert1(Intrinsic::getName(ID, ArgTys) == IF->getName(),
          "Intrinsic name not mangled correctly for type arguments!", IF);
  
  // If the intrinsic takes MDNode arguments, verify that they are either global
  // or are local to *this* function.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = CI.getNumArgOperands(); i != e; ++i)
    if (MDNode *MD = dyn_cast<MDNode>(CI.getArgOperand(i)))
      visitMDNode(*MD, CI.getParent()->getParent());

  switch (ID) {
  default:
    break;
  case Intrinsic::ctlz:  // llvm.ctlz
  case Intrinsic::cttz:  // llvm.cttz
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(1)),
            "is_zero_undef argument of bit counting intrinsics must be a "
            "constant int", &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::dbg_declare: {  // llvm.dbg.declare
    Assert1(CI.getArgOperand(0) && isa<MDNode>(CI.getArgOperand(0)),
                "invalid llvm.dbg.declare intrinsic call 1", &CI);
    MDNode *MD = cast<MDNode>(CI.getArgOperand(0));
    Assert1(MD->getNumOperands() == 1,
                "invalid llvm.dbg.declare intrinsic call 2", &CI);
  } break;
  case Intrinsic::memcpy:
  case Intrinsic::memmove:
  case Intrinsic::memset:
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(3)),
            "alignment argument of memory intrinsics must be a constant int",
            &CI);
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(4)),
            "isvolatile argument of memory intrinsics must be a constant int",
            &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::gcroot:
  case Intrinsic::gcwrite:
  case Intrinsic::gcread:
    if (ID == Intrinsic::gcroot) {
      AllocaInst *AI =
        dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(CI.getArgOperand(0)->stripPointerCasts());
      Assert1(AI, "llvm.gcroot parameter #1 must be an alloca.", &CI);
      Assert1(isa<Constant>(CI.getArgOperand(1)),
              "llvm.gcroot parameter #2 must be a constant.", &CI);
      if (!AI->getType()->getElementType()->isPointerTy()) {
        Assert1(!isa<ConstantPointerNull>(CI.getArgOperand(1)),
                "llvm.gcroot parameter #1 must either be a pointer alloca, "
                "or argument #2 must be a non-null constant.", &CI);
      }
    }

    Assert1(CI.getParent()->getParent()->hasGC(),
            "Enclosing function does not use GC.", &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::init_trampoline:
    Assert1(isa<Function>(CI.getArgOperand(1)->stripPointerCasts()),
            "llvm.init_trampoline parameter #2 must resolve to a function.",
            &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::prefetch:
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(1)) &&
            isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(2)) &&
            cast<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(1))->getZExtValue() < 2 &&
            cast<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(2))->getZExtValue() < 4,
            "invalid arguments to llvm.prefetch",
            &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::stackprotector:
    Assert1(isa<AllocaInst>(CI.getArgOperand(1)->stripPointerCasts()),
            "llvm.stackprotector parameter #2 must resolve to an alloca.",
            &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::lifetime_start:
  case Intrinsic::lifetime_end:
  case Intrinsic::invariant_start:
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(0)),
            "size argument of memory use markers must be a constant integer",
            &CI);
    break;
  case Intrinsic::invariant_end:
    Assert1(isa<ConstantInt>(CI.getArgOperand(1)),
            "llvm.invariant.end parameter #2 must be a constant integer", &CI);
    break;
  }
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//  Implement the public interfaces to this file...
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

FunctionPass *llvm::createVerifierPass(VerifierFailureAction action) {
  return new Verifier(action);
}


/// verifyFunction - Check a function for errors, printing messages on stderr.
/// Return true if the function is corrupt.
///
bool llvm::verifyFunction(const Function &f, VerifierFailureAction action) {
  Function &F = const_cast<Function&>(f);
  assert(!F.isDeclaration() && "Cannot verify external functions");

  FunctionPassManager FPM(F.getParent());
  Verifier *V = new Verifier(action);
  FPM.add(V);
  FPM.run(F);
  return V->Broken;
}

/// verifyModule - Check a module for errors, printing messages on stderr.
/// Return true if the module is corrupt.
///
bool llvm::verifyModule(const Module &M, VerifierFailureAction action,
                        std::string *ErrorInfo) {
  PassManager PM;
  Verifier *V = new Verifier(action);
  PM.add(V);
  PM.run(const_cast<Module&>(M));

  if (ErrorInfo && V->Broken)
    *ErrorInfo = V->MessagesStr.str();
  return V->Broken;
}