#include <stdio.h>
void hugehelp(void)
{
puts (
" _ _ ____ _ \n"
" Project ___| | | | _ \\| | \n"
" / __| | | | |_) | | \n"
" | (__| |_| | _ <| |___ \n"
" \\___|\\___/|_| \\_\\_____|\n"
"NAME\n"
" curl - get a URL with FTP, TELNET, LDAP, GOPHER, DICT, FILE,\n"
" HTTP or HTTPS syntax.\n"
"\n"
"SYNOPSIS\n"
" curl [options] [URL...]\n"
"\n"
"DESCRIPTION\n"
" curl is a client to get documents/files from or send docu\n"
);
puts(
" ments to a server, using any of the supported protocols\n"
" (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, GOPHER, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE). The\n"
" command is designed to work without user interaction or any\n"
" kind of interactivity.\n"
"\n"
" curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support,\n"
" user authentication, ftp upload, HTTP post, SSL (https:)\n"
" connections, cookies, file transfer resume and more.\n"
"\n"
"URL\n"
" The URL syntax is protocol dependent. You'll find a detailed\n"
);
puts(
" description in RFC 2396.\n"
"\n"
" You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing\n"
" part sets within braces as in:\n"
"\n"
" http://site.{one,two,three}.com\n"
"\n"
" or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using []\n"
" as in:\n"
"\n"
" ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt\n"
" ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt (with leading\n"
" zeros)\n"
" ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt\n"
"\n"
" It is possible to specify up to 9 sets or series for a URL,\n"
);
puts(
" but no nesting is supported at the moment:\n"
"\n"
" http://www.any.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol\n"
" ume[1-4]part{a,b,c,index}.html\n"
"\n"
" Starting with curl 7.6, you can specify any amount of URLs\n"
" on the command line. They will be fetched in a sequential\n"
" manner in the specified order.\n"
"\n"
" Starting with curl 7.7, curl will attempt to re-use connec\n"
" tions for multiple file transfers, so that getting many\n"
);
puts(
" files from the same server will not do multiple con\n"
" nects/handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is\n"
" only done on files specified on a single command line and\n"
" cannot be used between separate curl invokes.\n"
"OPTIONS\n"
" -a/--append\n"
" (FTP) When used in a ftp upload, this will tell curl to\n"
" append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If\n"
" the file doesn't exist, it will be created.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used twice, the second one will dis\n"
" able append mode again.\n"
"\n"
" -A/--user-agent <agent string>\n"
" (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the\n"
" HTTP server. Some badly done CGIs fail if its not set\n"
" to \"Mozilla/4.0\". To encode blanks in the string, sur\n"
" round the string with single quote marks. This can\n"
" also be set with the -H/--header flag of course.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used more than once, the last one\n"
" will be the one to be used.\n"
"\n"
" -b/--cookie <name=data>\n"
" (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It\n"
" is supposedly the data previously received from the\n"
" server in a \"Set-Cookie:\" line. The data should be in\n"
" the format \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2\".\n"
"\n"
" If no '=' letter is used in the line, it is treated as\n"
);
puts(
" a filename to use to read previously stored cookie\n"
" lines from, which should be used in this session if\n"
" they match. Using this method also activates the\n"
" \"cookie parser\" which will make curl record incoming\n"
" cookies too, which may be handy if you're using this in\n"
" combination with the -L/--location option. The file\n"
" format of the file to read cookies from should be plain\n"
);
puts(
" HTTP headers or the netscape cookie file format.\n"
"\n"
" NOTE that the file specified with -b/--cookie is only\n"
" used as input. No cookies will be stored in the file.\n"
" To store cookies, save the HTTP headers to a file using\n"
" -D/--dump-header!\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used more than once, the last one\n"
" will be the one to be used.\n"
"\n"
" -B/--use-ascii\n"
" Use ASCII transfer when getting an FTP file or LDAP\n"
);
puts(
" info. For FTP, this can also be enforced by using an\n"
" URL that ends with \";type=A\". This option causes data\n"
" sent to stdout to be in text mode for win32 systems.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second one will dis\n"
" able ASCII usage.\n"
" --connect-timeout <seconds>\n"
" Maximum time in seconds that you allow the connection\n"
" to the server to take. This only limits the connection\n"
);
puts(
" phase, once curl has connected this option is of no\n"
" more use. This option didn't work in win32 systems\n"
" until 7.7.2. See also the --max-time option.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -c/--continue\n"
" Deprecated. Use '-C -' instead. Continue/Resume a pre\n"
" vious file transfer. This instructs curl to continue\n"
" appending data on the file where it was previously\n"
);
puts(
" left, possibly because of a broken connection to the\n"
" server. There must be a named physical file to append\n"
" to for this to work. Note: Upload resume is depening\n"
" on a command named SIZE not always present in all ftp\n"
" servers! Upload resume is for FTP only. HTTP resume is\n"
" only possible with HTTP/1.1 or later servers.\n"
"\n"
" -C/--continue-at <offset>\n"
" Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given\n"
);
puts(
" offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes\n"
" that will be skipped counted from the beginning of the\n"
" source file before it is transfered to the destination.\n"
" If used with uploads, the ftp server command SIZE will\n"
" not be used by curl. Upload resume is for FTP only.\n"
" HTTP resume is only possible with HTTP/1.1 or later\n"
" servers.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
);
puts(
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -d/--data <data>\n"
" (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to\n"
" the HTTP server, in a way that can emulate as if a user\n"
" has filled in a HTML form and pressed the submit but\n"
" ton. Note that the data is sent exactly as specified\n"
" with no extra processing (with all newlines cut off).\n"
" The data is expected to be \"url-encoded\". This will\n"
);
puts(
" cause curl to pass the data to the server using the\n"
" content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare\n"
" to -F. If more than one -d/--data option is used on the\n"
" same command line, the data pieces specified will be\n"
" merged together with a separating &-letter. Thus, using\n"
" '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post\n"
" chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If you start the data with the letter @, the rest\n"
" should be a file name to read the data from, or - if\n"
" you want curl to read the data from stdin. The\n"
" contents of the file must already be url-encoded. Mul\n"
" tiple files can also be specified.\n"
"\n"
" To post data purely binary, you should instead use the\n"
" --data-binary option.\n"
"\n"
" -d/--data is the same as --data-ascii.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the ones follow\n"
" ing the first will append data.\n"
"\n"
" --data-ascii <data>\n"
" (HTTP) This is an alias for the -d/--data option.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the ones follow\n"
" ing the first will append data.\n"
"\n"
" --data-binary <data>\n"
" (HTTP) This posts data in a similar manner as --data-\n"
" ascii does, although when using this option the entire\n"
);
puts(
" context of the posted data is kept as-is. If you want\n"
" to post a binary file without the strip-newlines fea\n"
" ture of the --data-ascii option, this is for you.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the ones follow\n"
" ing the first will append data.\n"
"\n"
" -D/--dump-header <file>\n"
" (HTTP/FTP) Write the HTTP headers to this file. Write\n"
);
puts(
" the FTP file info to this file if -I/--head is used.\n"
"\n"
" This option is handy to use when you want to store the\n"
" cookies that a HTTP site sends to you. The cookies\n"
" could then be read in a second curl invoke by using the\n"
" -b/--cookie option!\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -e/--referer <URL>\n"
" (HTTP) Sends the \"Referer Page\" information to the HTTP\n"
);
puts(
" server. This can also be set with the -H/--header flag\n"
" of course. When used with -L/--location you can append\n"
" \";auto\" to the referer URL to make curl automatically\n"
" set the previous URL when it follows a Location:\n"
" header. The \";auto\" string can be used alone, even if\n"
" you don't set an initial referer.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" --egd-file <file>\n"
);
puts(
" (HTTPS) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering\n"
" Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random\n"
" engine for SSL connections. See also the --random-file\n"
" option.\n"
"\n"
" -E/--cert <certificate[:password]>\n"
" (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate\n"
" file when getting a file with HTTPS. The certificate\n"
" must be in PEM format. If the optional password isn't\n"
);
puts(
" specified, it will be queried for on the terminal. Note\n"
" that this certificate is the private key and the pri\n"
" vate certificate concatenated!\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" --cacert <CA certificate>\n"
" (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate\n"
" file to verify the peer. The certificate must be in PEM\n"
" format.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -f/--fail\n"
" (HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server\n"
" errors. This is mostly done like this to better enable\n"
" scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In\n"
" normal cases when a HTTP server fails to deliver a doc\n"
" ument, it returns a HTML document stating so (which\n"
" often also describes why and more). This flag will pre\n"
);
puts(
" vent curl from outputting that and fail silently\n"
" instead.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable silent failure.\n"
"\n"
" -F/--form <name=content>\n"
" (HTTP) This lets curl emulate a filled in form in which\n"
" a user has pressed the submit button. This causes curl\n"
" to POST data using the content-type multipart/form-data\n"
" according to RFC1867. This enables uploading of binary\n"
);
puts(
" files etc. To force the 'content' part to be be a file,\n"
" prefix the file name with an @ sign. To just get the\n"
" content part from a file, prefix the file name with the\n"
" letter <. The difference between @ and < is then that @\n"
" makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload,\n"
" while the < makes a text field and just get the con\n"
" tents for that text field from a file.\n"
);
puts(
" Example, to send your password file to the server,\n"
" where 'password' is the name of the form-field to which\n"
" /etc/passwd will be the input:\n"
"\n"
" curl -F password=@/etc/passwd www.mypasswords.com\n"
"\n"
" To read the file's content from stdin insted of a file,\n"
" use - where the file name should've been. This goes for\n"
" both @ and < constructs.\n"
"\n"
" This option can be used multiple times.\n"
"\n"
" -g/--globoff\n"
);
puts(
" This option switches off the \"URL globbing parser\".\n"
" When you set this option, you can specify URLs that\n"
" contain the letters {}[] without having them being\n"
" interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are\n"
" not normal legal URL contents but they should be\n"
" encoded according to the URI standard. (Option added in\n"
" curl 7.6)\n"
"\n"
" -h/--help\n"
" Usage help.\n"
"\n"
" -H/--header <header>\n"
);
puts(
" (HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You\n"
" may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if\n"
" you should add a custom header that has the same name\n"
" as one of the internal ones curl would use, your exter\n"
" nally set header will be used instead of the internal\n"
" one. This allows you to make even trickier stuff than\n"
" curl would normally do. You should not replace inter\n"
);
puts(
" nally set headers without knowing perfectly well what\n"
" you're doing. Replacing an internal header with one\n"
" without content on the right side of the colon will\n"
" prevent that header from appearing.\n"
"\n"
" This option can be used multiple times.\n"
"\n"
" -i/--include\n"
" (HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-\n"
" header includes things like server-name, date of the\n"
" document, HTTP-version and more...\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable header include.\n"
"\n"
" --interface <name>\n"
" Perform an operation using a specified interface. You\n"
" can enter interface name, IP address or host name. An\n"
" example could look like:\n"
" curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -I/--head\n"
);
puts(
" (HTTP/FTP) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers\n"
" feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing\n"
" but the header of a document. When used on a FTP file,\n"
" curl displays the file size only.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable header only.\n"
"\n"
" --krb4 <level>\n"
" (FTP) Enable kerberos4 authentication and use. The\n"
" level must be entered and should be one of 'clear',\n"
);
puts(
" 'safe', 'confidential' or 'private'. Should you use a\n"
" level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -K/--config <config file>\n"
" Specify which config file to read curl arguments from.\n"
" The config file is a text file in which command line\n"
" arguments can be written which then will be used as if\n"
);
puts(
" they were written on the actual command line. Options\n"
" and their parameters must be specified on the same con\n"
" fig file line. If the parameter is to contain white\n"
" spaces, the parameter must be inclosed within quotes.\n"
" If the first column of a config line is a '#' charac\n"
" ter, the rest of the line will be treated as a comment.\n"
"\n"
" Specify the filename as '-' to make curl read the file\n"
" from stdin.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" This option can be used multiple times.\n"
"\n"
" -l/--list-only\n"
" (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces\n"
" a name-only view. Especially useful if you want to\n"
" machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since\n"
" the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look\n"
" or format.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable list only.\n"
"\n"
" -L/--location\n"
);
puts(
" (HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested\n"
" page has a different location (indicated with the\n"
" header line Location:) this flag will let curl attempt\n"
" to reattempt the get on the new place. If used together\n"
" with -i or -I, headers from all requested pages will be\n"
" shown. If this flag is used when making a HTTP POST,\n"
" curl will automatically switch to GET after the initial\n"
" POST has been done.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable location following.\n"
"\n"
" -m/--max-time <seconds>\n"
" Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole opera\n"
" tion to take. This is useful for preventing your batch\n"
" jobs from hanging for hours due to slow networks or\n"
" links going down. This doesn't work fully in win32\n"
" systems. See also the --connect-timeout option.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -M/--manual\n"
" Manual. Display the huge help text.\n"
"\n"
" -n/--netrc\n"
" Makes curl scan the .netrc file in the user's home\n"
" directory for login name and password. This is typi\n"
" cally used for ftp on unix. If used with http, curl\n"
" will enable user authentication. See netrc(4) for\n"
" details on the file format. Curl will not complain if\n"
);
puts(
" that file hasn't the right permissions (it should not\n"
" be world nor group readable). The environment variable\n"
" \"HOME\" is used to find the home directory.\n"
"\n"
" A quick and very simple example of how to setup a\n"
" .netrc to allow curl to ftp to the machine\n"
" host.domain.com with user name 'myself' and password\n"
" 'secret' should look similar to:\n"
"\n"
" machine host.domain.com login myself password secret\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable netrc usage.\n"
"\n"
" -N/--no-buffer\n"
" Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal\n"
" work situations, curl will use a standard buffered out\n"
" put stream that will have the effect that it will out\n"
" put the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when\n"
" the data arrives. Using this option will disable that\n"
" buffering.\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" switch on buffering.\n"
"\n"
" -o/--output <file>\n"
" Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are\n"
" using {} or [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use\n"
" '#' followed by a number in the <file> specifier. That\n"
" variable will be replaced with the current string for\n"
" the URL being fetched. Like in:\n"
"\n"
" curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" or use several variables like:\n"
"\n"
" curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o \"#1_#2\"\n"
"\n"
" You may use this option as many times as you have num\n"
" ber of URLs.\n"
"\n"
" -O/--remote-name\n"
" Write output to a local file named like the remote file\n"
" we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used,\n"
" the path is cut off.)\n"
"\n"
" You may use this option as many times as you have num\n"
" ber of URLs.\n"
"\n"
" -p/--proxytunnel\n"
);
puts(
" When an HTTP proxy is used, this option will cause non-\n"
" HTTP protocols to attempt to tunnel through the proxy\n"
" instead of merely using it to do HTTP-like operations.\n"
" The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT\n"
" request and requires that the proxy allows direct con\n"
" nect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel\n"
" through to.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
);
puts(
" disable proxy tunnel.\n"
"\n"
" -P/--ftpport <address>\n"
" (FTP) Reverses the initiator/listener roles when con\n"
" necting with ftp. This switch makes Curl use the PORT\n"
" command instead of PASV. In practice, PORT tells the\n"
" server to connect to the client's specified address and\n"
" port, while PASV asks the server for an ip address and\n"
" port to connect to. <address> should be one of:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" interface i.e \"eth0\" to specify which interface's IP\n"
" address you want to use (Unix only)\n"
"\n"
" IP address i.e \"192.168.10.1\" to specify exact IP num\n"
" ber\n"
" host name i.e \"my.host.domain\" to specify machine\n"
"\n"
" - (any single-letter string) to make it pick\n"
" the machine's default\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will be\n"
" used.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" -q If used as the first parameter on the command line, the\n"
" $HOME/.curlrc file will not be read and used as a con\n"
" fig file.\n"
"\n"
" -Q/--quote <comand>\n"
" (FTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP\n"
" server, by using the QUOTE command of the server. Not\n"
" all servers support this command, and the set of QUOTE\n"
" commands are server specific! Quote commands are sent\n"
);
puts(
" BEFORE the transfer is taking place. To make commands\n"
" take place after a successful transfer, prefix them\n"
" with a dash '-'. You may specify any amount of commands\n"
" to be run before and after the transfer. If the server\n"
" returns failure for one of the commands, the entire\n"
" operation will be aborted.\n"
"\n"
" This option can be used multiple times.\n"
"\n"
" --random-file <file>\n"
);
puts(
" (HTTPS) Specify the path name to file containing what\n"
" will be considered as random data. The data is used to\n"
" seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also\n"
" the --edg-file option.\n"
"\n"
" -r/--range <range>\n"
" (HTTP/FTP) Retrieve a byte range (i.e a partial docu\n"
" ment) from a HTTP/1.1 or FTP server. Ranges can be\n"
" specified in a number of ways.\n"
"\n"
" 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes\n"
"\n"
" -500 specifies the last 500 bytes\n"
"\n"
" 9500 specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and for\n"
" ward\n"
"\n"
" 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H)\n"
"\n"
" 500-700,600-799\n"
" specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H)\n"
"\n"
" 100-199,500-599\n"
" specifies two separate 100 bytes ranges(*)(H)\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a\n"
" multipart response!\n"
"\n"
" You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not\n"
" have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a\n"
" range, you'll instead get the whole document.\n"
"\n"
" FTP range downloads only support the simple syntax 'start-\n"
" stop' (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). It\n"
" depends on the non-RFC command SIZE.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the last one will be\n"
" used.\n"
"\n"
" -s/--silent\n"
" Silent mode. Don't show progress meter or error mes\n"
" sages. Makes Curl mute.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable mute.\n"
"\n"
" -S/--show-error\n"
" When used with -s it makes curl show error message if\n"
" it fails.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable show error.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" -t/--telnet-option <OPT=val>\n"
" Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options\n"
" are:\n"
"\n"
" TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type.\n"
"\n"
" XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location.\n"
"\n"
" NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.\n"
"\n"
" -T/--upload-file <file>\n"
" Like -t, but this transfers the specified local file.\n"
" If there is no file part in the specified URL, Curl\n"
);
puts(
" will append the local file name. NOTE that you must use\n"
" a trailing / on the last directory to really prove to\n"
" Curl that there is no file name or curl will think that\n"
" your last directory name is the remote file name to\n"
" use. That will most likely cause the upload operation\n"
" to fail. If this is used on a http(s) server, the PUT\n"
" command will be used.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
);
puts(
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -u/--user <user:password>\n"
" Specify user and password to use when fetching. See\n"
" README.curl for detailed examples of how to use this.\n"
" If no password is specified, curl will ask for it\n"
" interactively.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -U/--proxy-user <user:password>\n"
" Specify user and password to use for Proxy authentica\n"
);
puts(
" tion. If no password is specified, curl will ask for it\n"
" interactively.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" --url <URL>\n"
" Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy\n"
" when you wanna specify URL(s) in a config file.\n"
"\n"
" This option may be used any number of times. To control\n"
" where this URL is written, use the -o or the -O\n"
" options.\n"
"\n"
" -v/--verbose\n"
);
puts(
" Makes the fetching more verbose/talkative. Mostly\n"
" usable for debugging. Lines starting with '>' means\n"
" data sent by curl, '<' means data received by curl that\n"
" is hidden in normal cases and lines starting with '*'\n"
" means additional info provided by curl.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable verbose.\n"
"\n"
" -V/--version\n"
" Displays the full version of curl, libcurl and other\n"
);
puts(
" 3rd party libraries linked with the executable.\n"
"\n"
" -w/--write-out <format>\n"
" Defines what to display after a completed and success\n"
" ful operation. The format is a string that may contain\n"
" plain text mixed with any number of variables. The\n"
" string can be specified as \"string\", to get read from a\n"
" particular file you specify it \"@filename\" and to tell\n"
" curl to read the format from stdin you write \"@-\".\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" The variables present in the output format will be sub\n"
" stituted by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as\n"
" described below. All variables are specified like\n"
" %{variable_name} and to output a normal % you just\n"
" write them like %%. You can output a newline by using\n"
" \\n, a carrige return with \\r and a tab space with \\t.\n"
"\n"
" NOTE: The %-letter is a special letter in the\n"
);
puts(
" win32-environment, where all occurrences of % must be\n"
" doubled when using this option.\n"
"\n"
" Available variables are at this point:\n"
"\n"
" url_effective The URL that was fetched last. This is\n"
" mostly meaningful if you've told curl to\n"
" follow location: headers.\n"
"\n"
" http_code The numerical code that was found in the\n"
" last retrieved HTTP(S) page.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" time_total The total time, in seconds, that the\n"
" full operation lasted. The time will be\n"
" displayed with millisecond resolution.\n"
"\n"
" time_namelookup\n"
" The time, in seconds, it took from the\n"
" start until the name resolving was com\n"
" pleted.\n"
"\n"
" time_connect The time, in seconds, it took from the\n"
);
puts(
" start until the connect to the remote\n"
" host (or proxy) was completed.\n"
"\n"
" time_pretransfer\n"
" The time, in seconds, it took from the\n"
" start until the file transfer is just\n"
" about to begin. This includes all pre-\n"
" transfer commands and negotiations that\n"
" are specific to the particular proto\n"
);
puts(
" col(s) involved.\n"
"\n"
" size_download The total amount of bytes that were\n"
" downloaded.\n"
"\n"
" size_upload The total amount of bytes that were\n"
" uploaded.\n"
"\n"
" size_header The total amount of bytes of the down\n"
" loaded headers.\n"
"\n"
" size_request The total amount of bytes that were sent\n"
" in the HTTP request.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" speed_download The average download speed that curl\n"
" measured for the complete download.\n"
" speed_upload The average upload speed that curl mea\n"
" sured for the complete upload.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will be\n"
" used.\n"
"\n"
" -x/--proxy <proxyhost[:port]>\n"
" Use specified proxy. If the port number is not speci\n"
" fied, it is assumed at port 1080.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -X/--request <command>\n"
" (HTTP) Specifies a custom request to use when communi\n"
" cating with the HTTP server. The specified request\n"
" will be used instead of the standard GET. Read the HTTP\n"
" 1.1 specification for details and explanations.\n"
"\n"
" (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of\n"
" LIST when doing file lists with ftp.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -y/--speed-time <time>\n"
" If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per sec\n"
" ond during a speed-time period, the download gets\n"
" aborted. If speed-time is used, the default speed-limit\n"
" will be 1 unless set with -y.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -Y/--speed-limit <speed>\n"
);
puts(
" If a download is slower than this given speed, in bytes\n"
" per second, for speed-time seconds it gets aborted.\n"
" speed-time is set with -Y and is 30 if not set.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -z/--time-cond <date expression>\n"
" (HTTP) Request to get a file that has been modified\n"
" later than the given time and date, or one that has\n"
);
puts(
" been modified before that time. The date expression can\n"
" be all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't match any\n"
" internal ones, it tries to get the time from a given\n"
" file name instead! See the GNU date(1) or curl_get\n"
" date(3) man pages for date expression details.\n"
"\n"
" Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it\n"
" request for a document that is older than the given\n"
);
puts(
" date/time, default is a document that is newer than the\n"
" specified date/time.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
" -3/--sslv3\n"
" (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiat\n"
" ing with a remote SSL server.\n"
"\n"
" -2/--sslv2\n"
" (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiat\n"
" ing with a remote SSL server.\n"
"\n"
" -#/--progress-bar\n"
);
puts(
" Make curl display progress information as a progress\n"
" bar instead of the default statistics.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable the progress bar.\n"
"\n"
" --crlf\n"
" (FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS\n"
" (OS/390).\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used twice, the second will again\n"
" disable crlf converting.\n"
"\n"
" --stderr <file>\n"
);
puts(
" Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file\n"
" instead. If the file name is a plain '-', it is instead\n"
" written to stdout. This option has no point when you're\n"
" using a shell with decent redirecting capabilities.\n"
"\n"
" If this option is used several times, the last one will\n"
" be used.\n"
"\n"
"FILES\n"
" ~/.curlrc\n"
" Default config file.\n"
"\n"
"ENVIRONMENT\n"
" HTTP_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]\n"
" Sets proxy server to use for HTTP.\n"
);
puts(
"\n"
" HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]\n"
" Sets proxy server to use for HTTPS.\n"
"\n"
" FTP_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]\n"
" Sets proxy server to use for FTP.\n"
" GOPHER_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]\n"
" Sets proxy server to use for GOPHER.\n"
"\n"
" ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]\n"
" Sets proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy\n"
" is set.\n"
"\n"
" NO_PROXY <comma-separated list of hosts>\n"
);
puts(
" list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy.\n"
" If set to a asterisk '*' only, it matches all hosts.\n"
"\n"
" COLUMNS <integer>\n"
" The width of the terminal. This variable only affects\n"
" curl when the --progress-bar option is used.\n"
"\n"
"EXIT CODES\n"
" There exists a bunch of different error codes and their cor\n"
" responding error messages that may appear during bad condi\n"
" tions. At the time of this writing, the exit codes are:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 1 Unsupported protocol. This build of curl has no support\n"
" for this protocol.\n"
"\n"
" 2 Failed to initialize.\n"
"\n"
" 3 URL malformat. The syntax was not correct.\n"
"\n"
" 4 URL user malformatted. The user-part of the URL syntax\n"
" was not correct.\n"
"\n"
" 5 Couldn't resolve proxy. The given proxy host could not\n"
" be resolved.\n"
"\n"
" 6 Couldn't resolve host. The given remote host was not\n"
" resolved.\n"
"\n"
" 7 Failed to connect to host.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 8 FTP weird server reply. The server sent data curl\n"
" couldn't parse.\n"
"\n"
" 9 FTP access denied. The server denied login.\n"
"\n"
" 10 FTP user/password incorrect. Either one or both were\n"
" not accepted by the server.\n"
"\n"
" 11 FTP weird PASS reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply\n"
" sent to the PASS request.\n"
"\n"
" 12 FTP weird USER reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply\n"
" sent to the USER request.\n"
);
puts(
" 13 FTP weird PASV reply, Curl couldn't parse the reply\n"
" sent to the PASV request.\n"
"\n"
" 14 FTP weird 227 format. Curl couldn't parse the 227-line\n"
" the server sent.\n"
"\n"
" 15 FTP can't get host. Couldn't resolve the host IP we got\n"
" in the 227-line.\n"
"\n"
" 16 FTP can't reconnect. Couldn't connect to the host we\n"
" got in the 227-line.\n"
"\n"
" 17 FTP couldn't set binary. Couldn't change transfer\n"
" method to binary.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 18 Partial file. Only a part of the file was transfered.\n"
"\n"
" 19 FTP couldn't RETR file. The RETR command failed.\n"
"\n"
" 20 FTP write error. The transfer was reported bad by the\n"
" server.\n"
"\n"
" 21 FTP quote error. A quote command returned error from\n"
" the server.\n"
"\n"
" 22 HTTP not found. The requested page was not found. This\n"
" return code only appears if --fail is used.\n"
"\n"
" 23 Write error. Curl couldn't write data to a local\n"
);
puts(
" filesystem or similar.\n"
"\n"
" 24 Malformat user. User name badly specified.\n"
"\n"
" 25 FTP couldn't STOR file. The server denied the STOR\n"
" operation.\n"
"\n"
" 26 Read error. Various reading problems.\n"
"\n"
" 27 Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed.\n"
"\n"
" 28 Operation timeout. The specified time-out period was\n"
" reached according to the conditions.\n"
"\n"
" 29 FTP couldn't set ASCII. The server returned an unknown\n"
" reply.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 30 FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed.\n"
"\n"
" 31 FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed.\n"
"\n"
" 32 FTP couldn't use SIZE. The SIZE command failed. The\n"
" command is an extension to the original FTP spec RFC\n"
" 959.\n"
"\n"
" 33 HTTP range error. The range \"command\" didn't work.\n"
"\n"
" 34 HTTP post error. Internal post-request generation\n"
" error.\n"
"\n"
" 35 SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 36 FTP bad download resume. Couldn't continue an earlier\n"
" aborted download.\n"
"\n"
" 37 FILE couldn't read file. Failed to open the file. Per\n"
" missions?\n"
"\n"
" 38 LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed.\n"
"\n"
" 39 LDAP search failed.\n"
"\n"
" 40 Library not found. The LDAP library was not found.\n"
"\n"
" 41 Function not found. A required LDAP function was not\n"
" found.\n"
"\n"
" 42 Aborted by callback. An application told curl to abort\n"
);
puts(
" the operation.\n"
"\n"
" 43 Internal error. A function was called with a bad param\n"
" eter.\n"
"\n"
" 44 Internal error. A function was called in a bad order.\n"
"\n"
" 45 Interface error. A specified outgoing interface could\n"
" not be used.\n"
"\n"
" 46 Bad password entered. An error was signalled when the\n"
" password was entered.\n"
"\n"
" 47 Too many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit\n"
" the maximum amount.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" XX There will appear more error codes here in future\n"
" releases. The existing ones are meant to never change.\n"
"\n"
"BUGS\n"
" If you do find bugs, mail them to curl-bug@haxx.se.\n"
"\n"
"AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS\n"
" - Daniel Stenberg <Daniel.Stenberg@haxx.se>\n"
" - Rafael Sagula <sagula@inf.ufrgs.br>\n"
" - Sampo Kellomaki <sampo@iki.fi>\n"
" - Linas Vepstas <linas@linas.org>\n"
" - Bjorn Reese <breese@mail1.stofanet.dk>\n"
" - Johan Anderson <johan@homemail.com>\n"
);
puts(
" - Kjell Ericson <Kjell.Ericson@haxx.se>\n"
" - Troy Engel <tengel@sonic.net>\n"
" - Ryan Nelson <ryan@inch.com>\n"
" - Björn Stenberg <Bjorn.Stenberg@haxx.se>\n"
" - Angus Mackay <amackay@gus.ml.org>\n"
" - Eric Young <eay@cryptsoft.com>\n"
" - Simon Dick <simond@totally.irrelevant.org>\n"
" - Oren Tirosh <oren@monty.hishome.net>\n"
" - Steven G. Johnson <stevenj@alum.mit.edu>\n"
" - Gilbert Ramirez Jr. <gram@verdict.uthscsa.edu>\n"
" - Andrés García <ornalux@redestb.es>\n"
);
puts(
" - Douglas E. Wegscheid <wegscd@whirlpool.com>\n"
" - Mark Butler <butlerm@xmission.com>\n"
" - Eric Thelin <eric@generation-i.com>\n"
" - Marc Boucher <marc@mbsi.ca>\n"
" - Greg Onufer <Greg.Onufer@Eng.Sun.COM>\n"
" - Doug Kaufman <dkaufman@rahul.net>\n"
" - David Eriksson <david@2good.com>\n"
" - Ralph Beckmann <rabe@uni-paderborn.de>\n"
" - T. Yamada <tai@imasy.or.jp>\n"
" - Lars J. Aas <larsa@sim.no>\n"
" - Jörn Hartroth <Joern.Hartroth@computer.org>\n"
);
puts(
" - Matthew Clarke <clamat@van.maves.ca>\n"
" - Linus Nielsen Feltzing <linus@haxx.se>\n"
" - Felix von Leitner <felix@convergence.de>\n"
" - Dan Zitter <dzitter@zitter.net>\n"
" - Jongki Suwandi <Jongki.Suwandi@eng.sun.com>\n"
" - Chris Maltby <chris@aurema.com>\n"
" - Ron Zapp <rzapper@yahoo.com>\n"
" - Paul Marquis <pmarquis@iname.com>\n"
" - Ellis Pritchard <ellis@citria.com>\n"
" - Damien Adant <dams@usa.net>\n"
" - Chris <cbayliss@csc.come>\n"
);
puts(
" - Marco G. Salvagno <mgs@whiz.cjb.net>\n"
" - Paul Marquis <pmarquis@iname.com>\n"
" - David LeBlanc <dleblanc@qnx.com>\n"
" - Rich Gray at Plus Technologies\n"
" - Luong Dinh Dung <u8luong@lhsystems.hu>\n"
" - Torsten Foertsch <torsten.foertsch@gmx.net>\n"
" - Kristian Köhntopp <kris@koehntopp.de>\n"
" - Fred Noz <FNoz@siac.com>\n"
" - Caolan McNamara <caolan@csn.ul.ie>\n"
" - Albert Chin-A-Young <china@thewrittenword.com>\n"
" - Stephen Kick <skick@epicrealm.com>\n"
);
puts(
" - Martin Hedenfalk <mhe@stacken.kth.se>\n"
" - Richard Prescott\n"
" - Jason S. Priebe <priebe@wral-tv.com>\n"
" - T. Bharath <TBharath@responsenetworks.com>\n"
" - Alexander Kourakos <awk@users.sourceforge.net>\n"
" - James Griffiths <griffiths_james@yahoo.com>\n"
" - Loic Dachary <loic@senga.org>\n"
" - Robert Weaver <robert.weaver@sabre.com>\n"
" - Ingo Ralf Blum <ingoralfblum@ingoralfblum.com>\n"
" - Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino <itojun@iijlab.net>\n"
);
puts(
" - Frederic Lepied <flepied@mandrakesoft.com>\n"
" - Georg Horn <horn@koblenz-net.de>\n"
" - Cris Bailiff <c.bailiff@awayweb.com>\n"
"\n"
"WWW\n"
" http://curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
"FTP\n"
" ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/www/utilities/curl/\n"
"\n"
"SEE ALSO\n"
" ftp(1), wget(1), snarf(1)\n"
"\n"
"LATEST VERSION\n"
"\n"
" You always find news about what's going on as well as the latest versions\n"
" from the curl web pages, located at:\n"
"\n"
" http://curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
"SIMPLE USAGE\n"
"\n"
" Get the main page from netscape's web-server:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" curl http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
" Get the root README file from funet's ftp-server:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://ftp.funet.fi/README\n"
"\n"
" Get a web page from a server using port 8000:\n"
"\n"
" curl http://www.weirdserver.com:8000/\n"
"\n"
" Get a list of the root directory of an FTP site:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://cool.haxx.se/\n"
"\n"
" Get a gopher document from funet's gopher server:\n"
"\n"
" curl gopher://gopher.funet.fi\n"
"\n"
" Get the definition of curl from a dictionary:\n"
"\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/m:curl\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Fetch two documents at once:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://cool.haxx.se/ http://www.weirdserver.com:8000/\n"
"\n"
"DOWNLOAD TO A FILE\n"
"\n"
" Get a web page and store in a local file:\n"
"\n"
" curl -o thatpage.html http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
" Get a web page and store in a local file, make the local file get the name\n"
" of the remote document (if no file name part is specified in the URL, this\n"
" will fail):\n"
"\n"
" curl -O http://www.netscape.com/index.html\n"
"\n"
" Fetch two files and store them with their remote names:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" curl -O www.haxx.se/index.html -O curl.haxx.se/download.html\n"
"\n"
"USING PASSWORDS\n"
"\n"
" FTP\n"
"\n"
" To ftp files using name+passwd, include them in the URL like:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://name:passwd@machine.domain:port/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
" or specify them with the -u flag like\n"
"\n"
" curl -u name:passwd ftp://machine.domain:port/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
" HTTP\n"
"\n"
" The HTTP URL doesn't support user and password in the URL string. Curl\n"
);
puts(
" does support that anyway to provide a ftp-style interface and thus you can\n"
" pick a file like:\n"
"\n"
" curl http://name:passwd@machine.domain/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
" or specify user and password separately like in\n"
"\n"
" curl -u name:passwd http://machine.domain/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
" NOTE! Since HTTP URLs don't support user and password, you can't use that\n"
" style when using Curl via a proxy. You _must_ use the -u style fetch\n"
" during such circumstances.\n"
"\n"
" HTTPS\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Probably most commonly used with private certificates, as explained below.\n"
"\n"
" GOPHER\n"
"\n"
" Curl features no password support for gopher.\n"
"\n"
"PROXY\n"
"\n"
" Get an ftp file using a proxy named my-proxy that uses port 888:\n"
"\n"
" curl -x my-proxy:888 ftp://ftp.leachsite.com/README\n"
"\n"
" Get a file from a HTTP server that requires user and password, using the\n"
" same proxy as above:\n"
"\n"
" curl -u user:passwd -x my-proxy:888 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Some proxies require special authentication. Specify by using -U as above:\n"
"\n"
" curl -U user:passwd -x my-proxy:888 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
" See also the environment variables Curl support that offer further proxy\n"
" control.\n"
"\n"
"RANGES\n"
"\n"
" With HTTP 1.1 byte-ranges were introduced. Using this, a client can request\n"
" to get only one or more subparts of a specified document. Curl supports\n"
" this with the -r flag.\n"
"\n"
" Get the first 100 bytes of a document:\n"
"\n"
" curl -r 0-99 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Get the last 500 bytes of a document:\n"
"\n"
" curl -r -500 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
" Curl also supports simple ranges for FTP files as well. Then you can only\n"
" specify start and stop position.\n"
"\n"
" Get the first 100 bytes of a document using FTP:\n"
"\n"
" curl -r 0-99 ftp://www.get.this/README \n"
"\n"
"UPLOADING\n"
"\n"
" FTP\n"
"\n"
" Upload all data on stdin to a specified ftp site:\n"
"\n"
" curl -t ftp://ftp.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
" Upload data from a specified file, login with user and password:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
" Upload a local file to the remote site, and use the local file name remote\n"
" too:\n"
" \n"
" curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/\n"
"\n"
" Upload a local file to get appended to the remote file using ftp:\n"
"\n"
" curl -T localfile -a ftp://ftp.upload.com/remotefile\n"
"\n"
" Curl also supports ftp upload through a proxy, but only if the proxy is\n"
);
puts(
" configured to allow that kind of tunneling. If it does, you can run curl in\n"
" a fashion similar to:\n"
"\n"
" curl --proxytunnel -x proxy:port -T localfile ftp.upload.com\n"
"\n"
" HTTP\n"
"\n"
" Upload all data on stdin to a specified http site:\n"
"\n"
" curl -t http://www.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
" Note that the http server must've been configured to accept PUT before this\n"
" can be done successfully.\n"
"\n"
" For other ways to do http data upload, see the POST section below.\n"
"\n"
"VERBOSE / DEBUG\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If curl fails where it isn't supposed to, if the servers don't let you\n"
" in, if you can't understand the responses: use the -v flag to get VERBOSE\n"
" fetching. Curl will output lots of info and all data it sends and\n"
" receives in order to let the user see all client-server interaction.\n"
"\n"
" curl -v ftp://ftp.upload.com/\n"
"\n"
"DETAILED INFORMATION\n"
"\n"
" Different protocols provide different ways of getting detailed information\n"
);
puts(
" about specific files/documents. To get curl to show detailed information\n"
" about a single file, you should use -I/--head option. It displays all\n"
" available info on a single file for HTTP and FTP. The HTTP information is a\n"
" lot more extensive.\n"
"\n"
" For HTTP, you can get the header information (the same as -I would show)\n"
" shown before the data by using -i/--include. Curl understands the\n"
" -D/--dump-header option when getting files from both FTP and HTTP, and it\n"
);
puts(
" will then store the headers in the specified file.\n"
"\n"
" Store the HTTP headers in a separate file (headers.txt in the example):\n"
"\n"
" curl --dump-header headers.txt curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
" Note that headers stored in a separate file can be very useful at a later\n"
" time if you want curl to use cookies sent by the server. More about that in\n"
" the cookies section.\n"
"\n"
"POST (HTTP)\n"
"\n"
" It's easy to post data using curl. This is done using the -d <data>\n"
" option. The post data must be urlencoded.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Post a simple \"name\" and \"phone\" guestbook.\n"
"\n"
" curl -d \"name=Rafael%20Sagula&phone=3320780\" \\\n"
" http://www.where.com/guest.cgi\n"
"\n"
" How to post a form with curl, lesson #1:\n"
"\n"
" Dig out all the <input> tags in the form that you want to fill in. (There's\n"
" a perl program called formfind.pl on the curl site that helps with this).\n"
"\n"
" If there's a \"normal\" post, you use -d to post. -d takes a full \"post\n"
" string\", which is in the format\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" <variable1>=<data1>&<variable2>=<data2>&...\n"
"\n"
" The 'variable' names are the names set with \"name=\" in the <input> tags, and\n"
" the data is the contents you want to fill in for the inputs. The data *must*\n"
" be properly URL encoded. That means you replace space with + and that you\n"
" write weird letters with %XX where XX is the hexadecimal representation of\n"
" the letter's ASCII code.\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
"\n"
" (page located at http://www.formpost.com/getthis/\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" <form action=\"post.cgi\" method=\"post\">\n"
" <input name=user size=10>\n"
" <input name=pass type=password size=10>\n"
" <input name=id type=hidden value=\"blablabla\">\n"
" <input name=ding value=\"submit\">\n"
" </form>\n"
"\n"
" We want to enter user 'foobar' with password '12345'.\n"
"\n"
" To post to this, you enter a curl command line like:\n"
"\n"
" curl -d \"user=foobar&pass=12345&id=blablabla&dig=submit\" (continues)\n"
" http://www.formpost.com/getthis/post.cgi\n"
"\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" While -d uses the application/x-www-form-urlencoded mime-type, generally\n"
" understood by CGI's and similar, curl also supports the more capable\n"
" multipart/form-data type. This latter type supports things like file upload.\n"
"\n"
" -F accepts parameters like -F \"name=contents\". If you want the contents to\n"
" be read from a file, use <@filename> as contents. When specifying a file,\n"
" you can also specify the file content type by appending ';type=<mime type>'\n"
);
puts(
" to the file name. You can also post the contents of several files in one field.\n"
" For example, the field name 'coolfiles' is used to send three files, with\n"
" different content types using the following syntax:\n"
"\n"
" curl -F \"coolfiles=@fil1.gif;type=image/gif,fil2.txt,fil3.html\" \\\n"
" http://www.post.com/postit.cgi\n"
"\n"
" If the content-type is not specified, curl will try to guess from the file\n"
" extension (it only knows a few), or use the previously specified type\n"
);
puts(
" (from an earlier file if several files are specified in a list) or else it\n"
" will using the default type 'text/plain'.\n"
"\n"
" Emulate a fill-in form with -F. Let's say you fill in three fields in a\n"
" form. One field is a file name which to post, one field is your name and one\n"
" field is a file description. We want to post the file we have written named\n"
" \"cooltext.txt\". To let curl do the posting of this data instead of your\n"
);
puts(
" favourite browser, you have to read the HTML source of the form page and find\n"
" the names of the input fields. In our example, the input field names are\n"
" 'file', 'yourname' and 'filedescription'.\n"
"\n"
" curl -F \"file=@cooltext.txt\" -F \"yourname=Daniel\" \\\n"
" -F \"filedescription=Cool text file with cool text inside\" \\\n"
" http://www.post.com/postit.cgi\n"
"\n"
" To send two files in one post you can do it in two ways:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" 1. Send multiple files in a single \"field\" with a single field name:\n"
" \n"
" curl -F \"pictures=@dog.gif,cat.gif\" \n"
" \n"
" 2. Send two fields with two field names: \n"
"\n"
" curl -F \"docpicture=@dog.gif\" -F \"catpicture=@cat.gif\" \n"
"\n"
"REFERRER\n"
"\n"
" A HTTP request has the option to include information about which address\n"
" that referred to actual page. Curl allows you to specify the\n"
" referrer to be used on the command line. It is especially useful to\n"
);
puts(
" fool or trick stupid servers or CGI scripts that rely on that information\n"
" being available or contain certain data.\n"
"\n"
" curl -e www.coolsite.com http://www.showme.com/\n"
"\n"
" NOTE: The referer field is defined in the HTTP spec to be a full URL.\n"
"\n"
"USER AGENT\n"
"\n"
" A HTTP request has the option to include information about the browser\n"
" that generated the request. Curl allows it to be specified on the command\n"
" line. It is especially useful to fool or trick stupid servers or CGI\n"
);
puts(
" scripts that only accept certain browsers.\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
"\n"
" curl -A 'Mozilla/3.0 (Win95; I)' http://www.nationsbank.com/\n"
"\n"
" Other common strings:\n"
" 'Mozilla/3.0 (Win95; I)' Netscape Version 3 for Windows 95\n"
" 'Mozilla/3.04 (Win95; U)' Netscape Version 3 for Windows 95\n"
" 'Mozilla/2.02 (OS/2; U)' Netscape Version 2 for OS/2\n"
" 'Mozilla/4.04 [en] (X11; U; AIX 4.2; Nav)' NS for AIX\n"
" 'Mozilla/4.05 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.0.32 i586)' NS for Linux\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Note that Internet Explorer tries hard to be compatible in every way:\n"
" 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows 95)' MSIE for W95\n"
"\n"
" Mozilla is not the only possible User-Agent name:\n"
" 'Konqueror/1.0' KDE File Manager desktop client\n"
" 'Lynx/2.7.1 libwww-FM/2.14' Lynx command line browser\n"
"\n"
"COOKIES\n"
"\n"
" Cookies are generally used by web servers to keep state information at the\n"
" client's side. The server sets cookies by sending a response line in the\n"
);
puts(
" headers that looks like 'Set-Cookie: <data>' where the data part then\n"
" typically contains a set of NAME=VALUE pairs (separated by semicolons ';'\n"
" like \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2;\"). The server can also specify for what\n"
" path the \"cookie\" should be used for (by specifying \"path=value\"), when the\n"
" cookie should expire (\"expire=DATE\"), for what domain to use it\n"
" (\"domain=NAME\") and if it should be used on secure connections only\n"
" (\"secure\").\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" If you've received a page from a server that contains a header like:\n"
" Set-Cookie: sessionid=boo123; path=\"/foo\";\n"
"\n"
" it means the server wants that first pair passed on when we get anything in\n"
" a path beginning with \"/foo\".\n"
"\n"
" Example, get a page that wants my name passed in a cookie:\n"
"\n"
" curl -b \"name=Daniel\" www.sillypage.com\n"
"\n"
" Curl also has the ability to use previously received cookies in following\n"
" sessions. If you get cookies from a server and store them in a file in a\n"
);
puts(
" manner similar to:\n"
"\n"
" curl --dump-header headers www.example.com\n"
"\n"
" ... you can then in a second connect to that (or another) site, use the\n"
" cookies from the 'headers' file like:\n"
"\n"
" curl -b headers www.example.com\n"
"\n"
" Note that by specifying -b you enable the \"cookie awareness\" and with -L\n"
" you can make curl follow a location: (which often is used in combination\n"
" with cookies). So that if a site sends cookies and a location, you can\n"
);
puts(
" use a non-existing file to trigger the cookie awareness like:\n"
"\n"
" curl -L -b empty.txt www.example.com\n"
"\n"
" The file to read cookies from must be formatted using plain HTTP headers OR\n"
" as netscape's cookie file. Curl will determine what kind it is based on the\n"
" file contents. In the above command, curl will parse the header and store\n"
" the cookies received from www.example.com. curl will send to the server the\n"
" stored cookies which match the request as it follows the location. The\n"
);
puts(
" file \"empty.txt\" may be a non-existant file.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
"PROGRESS METER\n"
"\n"
" The progress meter exists to show a user that something actually is\n"
" happening. The different fields in the output have the following meaning:\n"
"\n"
" % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Curr.\n"
" Dload Upload Total Current Left Speed\n"
" 0 151M 0 38608 0 0 9406 0 4:41:43 0:00:04 4:41:39 9287\n"
"\n"
" From left-to-right:\n"
);
puts(
" % - percentage completed of the whole transfer\n"
" Total - total size of the whole expected transfer\n"
" % - percentage completed of the download\n"
" Received - currently downloaded amount of bytes\n"
" % - percentage completed of the upload\n"
" Xferd - currently uploaded amount of bytes\n"
" Average Speed\n"
" Dload - the average transfer speed of the download\n"
" Average Speed\n"
" Upload - the average transfer speed of the upload\n"
);
puts(
" Time Total - expected time to complete the operation\n"
" Time Current - time passed since the invoke\n"
" Time Left - expected time left to completetion\n"
" Curr.Speed - the average transfer speed the last 5 seconds (the first\n"
" 5 seconds of a transfer is based on less time of course.)\n"
"\n"
" The -# option will display a totally different progress bar that doesn't\n"
" need much explanation!\n"
"\n"
"SPEED LIMIT\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Curl allows the user to set the transfer speed conditions that must be met\n"
" to let the transfer keep going. By using the switch -y and -Y you\n"
" can make curl abort transfers if the transfer speed is below the specified\n"
" lowest limit for a specified time.\n"
"\n"
" To have curl abort the download if the speed is slower than 3000 bytes per\n"
" second for 1 minute, run:\n"
"\n"
" curl -y 3000 -Y 60 www.far-away-site.com\n"
"\n"
" This can very well be used in combination with the overall time limit, so\n"
);
puts(
" that the above operatioin must be completed in whole within 30 minutes:\n"
"\n"
" curl -m 1800 -y 3000 -Y 60 www.far-away-site.com\n"
"\n"
"CONFIG FILE\n"
"\n"
" Curl automatically tries to read the .curlrc file (or _curlrc file on win32\n"
" systems) from the user's home dir on startup.\n"
"\n"
" The config file could be made up with normal command line switches, but you\n"
" can also specify the long options without the dashes to make it more\n"
" readable. You can separate the options and the parameter with spaces, or\n"
);
puts(
" with = or :. Comments can be used within the file. If the first letter on a\n"
" line is a '#'-letter the rest of the line is treated as a comment.\n"
"\n"
" If you want the parameter to contain spaces, you must inclose the entire\n"
" parameter within double quotes (\"). Within those quotes, you specify a\n"
" quote as \\\".\n"
"\n"
" NOTE: You must specify options and their arguments on the same line.\n"
"\n"
" Example, set default time out and proxy in a config file:\n"
"\n"
" # We want a 30 minute timeout:\n"
" -m 1800\n"
);
puts(
" # ... and we use a proxy for all accesses:\n"
" proxy = proxy.our.domain.com:8080\n"
"\n"
" White spaces ARE significant at the end of lines, but all white spaces\n"
" leading up to the first characters of each line are ignored.\n"
"\n"
" Prevent curl from reading the default file by using -q as the first command\n"
" line parameter, like:\n"
"\n"
" curl -q www.thatsite.com\n"
"\n"
" Force curl to get and display a local help page in case it is invoked\n"
" without URL by making a config file similar to:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" # default url to get\n"
" url = \"http://help.with.curl.com/curlhelp.html\"\n"
"\n"
" You can specify another config file to be read by using the -K/--config\n"
" flag. If you set config file name to \"-\" it'll read the config from stdin,\n"
" which can be handy if you want to hide options from being visible in process\n"
" tables etc:\n"
"\n"
" echo \"user = user:passwd\" | curl -K - http://that.secret.site.com\n"
"\n"
"EXTRA HEADERS\n"
"\n"
" When using curl in your own very special programs, you may end up needing\n"
);
puts(
" to pass on your own custom headers when getting a web page. You can do\n"
" this by using the -H flag.\n"
"\n"
" Example, send the header \"X-you-and-me: yes\" to the server when getting a\n"
" page:\n"
"\n"
" curl -H \"X-you-and-me: yes\" www.love.com\n"
"\n"
" This can also be useful in case you want curl to send a different text in a\n"
" header than it normally does. The -H header you specify then replaces the\n"
" header curl would normally send. If you replace an internal header with an\n"
);
puts(
" empty one, you prevent that header from being sent. To prevent the Host:\n"
" header from being used:\n"
"\n"
" curl -H \"Host:\" www.server.com\n"
"\n"
"FTP and PATH NAMES\n"
"\n"
" Do note that when getting files with the ftp:// URL, the given path is\n"
" relative the directory you enter. To get the file 'README' from your home\n"
" directory at your ftp site, do:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://user:passwd@my.site.com/README\n"
"\n"
" But if you want the README file from the root directory of that very same\n"
);
puts(
" site, you need to specify the absolute file name:\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp://user:passwd@my.site.com//README\n"
"\n"
" (I.e with an extra slash in front of the file name.)\n"
"\n"
"FTP and firewalls\n"
"\n"
" The FTP protocol requires one of the involved parties to open a second\n"
" connction as soon as data is about to get transfered. There are two ways to\n"
" do this.\n"
"\n"
" The default way for curl is to issue the PASV command which causes the\n"
" server to open another port and await another connection performed by the\n"
);
puts(
" client. This is good if the client is behind a firewall that don't allow\n"
" incoming connections.\n"
"\n"
" curl ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
" If the server for example, is behind a firewall that don't allow connections\n"
" on other ports than 21 (or if it just doesn't support the PASV command), the\n"
" other way to do it is to use the PORT command and instruct the server to\n"
" connect to the client on the given (as parameters to the PORT command) IP\n"
" number and port.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" The -P flag to curl supports a few different options. Your machine may have\n"
" several IP-addresses and/or network interfaces and curl allows you to select\n"
" which of them to use. Default address can also be used:\n"
"\n"
" curl -P - ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
" Download with PORT but use the IP address of our 'le0' interface (this does\n"
" not work on windows):\n"
"\n"
" curl -P le0 ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
" Download with PORT but use 192.168.0.10 as our IP address to use:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" curl -P 192.168.0.10 ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
"NETWORK INTERFACE\n"
"\n"
" Get a web page from a server using a specified port for the interface:\n"
"\n"
" curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
" or\n"
"\n"
" curl --interface 192.168.1.10 http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
"HTTPS\n"
"\n"
" Secure HTTP requires SSL libraries to be installed and used when curl is\n"
" built. If that is done, curl is capable of retrieving and posting documents\n"
" using the HTTPS procotol.\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
"\n"
" curl https://www.secure-site.com\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Curl is also capable of using your personal certificates to get/post files\n"
" from sites that require valid certificates. The only drawback is that the\n"
" certificate needs to be in PEM-format. PEM is a standard and open format to\n"
" store certificates with, but it is not used by the most commonly used\n"
" browsers (Netscape and MSEI both use the so called PKCS#12 format). If you\n"
" want curl to use the certificates you use with your (favourite) browser, you\n"
);
puts(
" may need to download/compile a converter that can convert your browser's\n"
" formatted certificates to PEM formatted ones. This kind of converter is\n"
" included in recent versions of OpenSSL, and for older versions Dr Stephen\n"
" N. Henson has written a patch for SSLeay that adds this functionality. You\n"
" can get his patch (that requires an SSLeay installation) from his site at:\n"
" http://www.drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk/\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Example on how to automatically retrieve a document using a certificate with\n"
" a personal password:\n"
"\n"
" curl -E /path/to/cert.pem:password https://secure.site.com/\n"
"\n"
" If you neglect to specify the password on the command line, you will be\n"
" prompted for the correct password before any data can be received.\n"
"\n"
" Many older SSL-servers have problems with SSLv3 or TLS, that newer versions\n"
" of OpenSSL etc is using, therefore it is sometimes useful to specify what\n"
);
puts(
" SSL-version curl should use. Use -3 or -2 to specify that exact SSL version\n"
" to use:\n"
"\n"
" curl -2 https://secure.site.com/\n"
"\n"
" Otherwise, curl will first attempt to use v3 and then v2.\n"
"\n"
" To use OpenSSL to convert your favourite browser's certificate into a PEM\n"
" formatted one that curl can use, do something like this (assuming netscape,\n"
" but IE is likely to work similarly):\n"
"\n"
" You start with hitting the 'security' menu button in netscape. \n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Select 'certificates->yours' and then pick a certificate in the list \n"
"\n"
" Press the 'export' button \n"
"\n"
" enter your PIN code for the certs \n"
"\n"
" select a proper place to save it \n"
"\n"
" Run the 'openssl' application to convert the certificate. If you cd to the\n"
" openssl installation, you can do it like:\n"
"\n"
" # ./apps/openssl pkcs12 -certfile [file you saved] -out [PEMfile]\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"RESUMING FILE TRANSFERS\n"
"\n"
" To continue a file transfer where it was previously aborted, curl supports\n"
);
puts(
" resume on http(s) downloads as well as ftp uploads and downloads.\n"
"\n"
" Continue downloading a document:\n"
"\n"
" curl -c -o file ftp://ftp.server.com/path/file\n"
"\n"
" Continue uploading a document(*1):\n"
"\n"
" curl -c -T file ftp://ftp.server.com/path/file\n"
"\n"
" Continue downloading a document from a web server(*2):\n"
"\n"
" curl -c -o file http://www.server.com/\n"
"\n"
" (*1) = This requires that the ftp server supports the non-standard command\n"
" SIZE. If it doesn't, curl will say so.\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" (*2) = This requires that the web server supports at least HTTP/1.1. If it\n"
" doesn't, curl will say so.\n"
"\n"
"TIME CONDITIONS\n"
"\n"
" HTTP allows a client to specify a time condition for the document it\n"
" requests. It is If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since. Curl allow you to\n"
" specify them with the -z/--time-cond flag.\n"
"\n"
" For example, you can easily make a download that only gets performed if the\n"
" remote file is newer than a local copy. It would be made like:\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" curl -z local.html http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
" Or you can download a file only if the local file is newer than the remote\n"
" one. Do this by prepending the date string with a '-', as in:\n"
"\n"
" curl -z -local.html http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
" You can specify a \"free text\" date as condition. Tell curl to only download\n"
" the file if it was updated since yesterday:\n"
"\n"
" curl -z yesterday http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Curl will then accept a wide range of date formats. You always make the date\n"
" check the other way around by prepending it with a dash '-'.\n"
"\n"
"DICT\n"
"\n"
" For fun try\n"
"\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/m:curl\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/d:heisenbug:jargon\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/d:daniel:web1913\n"
"\n"
" Aliases for 'm' are 'match' and 'find', and aliases for 'd' are 'define'\n"
" and 'lookup'. For example,\n"
"\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/find:curl\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Commands that break the URL description of the RFC (but not the DICT\n"
" protocol) are\n"
"\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/show:db\n"
" curl dict://dict.org/show:strat\n"
"\n"
" Authentication is still missing (but this is not required by the RFC)\n"
"\n"
"LDAP\n"
"\n"
" If you have installed the OpenLDAP library, curl can take advantage of it\n"
" and offer ldap:// support.\n"
"\n"
" LDAP is a complex thing and writing an LDAP query is not an easy task. I do\n"
);
puts(
" advice you to dig up the syntax description for that elsewhere, RFC 1959 if\n"
" no other place is better.\n"
"\n"
" To show you an example, this is now I can get all people from my local LDAP\n"
" server that has a certain sub-domain in their email address:\n"
"\n"
" curl -B \"ldap://ldap.frontec.se/o=frontec??sub?mail=*sth.frontec.se\"\n"
"\n"
" If I want the same info in HTML format, I can get it by not using the -B\n"
" (enforce ASCII) flag.\n"
"\n"
"ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" Curl reads and understands the following environment variables:\n"
"\n"
" HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY, GOPHER_PROXY\n"
"\n"
" They should be set for protocol-specific proxies. General proxy should be\n"
" set with\n"
" \n"
" ALL_PROXY\n"
"\n"
" A comma-separated list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy is\n"
" set in (only an asterisk, '*' matches all hosts)\n"
"\n"
" NO_PROXY\n"
"\n"
" If a tail substring of the domain-path for a host matches one of these\n"
);
puts(
" strings, transactions with that node will not be proxied.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" The usage of the -x/--proxy flag overrides the environment variables.\n"
"\n"
"NETRC\n"
"\n"
" Unix introduced the .netrc concept a long time ago. It is a way for a user\n"
" to specify name and password for commonly visited ftp sites in a file so\n"
" that you don't have to type them in each time you visit those sites. You\n"
" realize this is a big security risk if someone else gets hold of your\n"
);
puts(
" passwords, so therefor most unix programs won't read this file unless it is\n"
" only readable by yourself (curl doesn't care though).\n"
"\n"
" Curl supports .netrc files if told so (using the -n/--netrc option). This is\n"
" not restricted to only ftp, but curl can use it for all protocols where\n"
" authentication is used.\n"
"\n"
" A very simple .netrc file could look something like:\n"
"\n"
" machine curl.haxx.se login iamdaniel password mysecret\n"
"\n"
"CUSTOM OUTPUT\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" To better allow script programmers to get to know about the progress of\n"
" curl, the -w/--write-out option was introduced. Using this, you can specify\n"
" what information from the previous transfer you want to extract.\n"
"\n"
" To display the amount of bytes downloaded together with some text and an\n"
" ending newline:\n"
"\n"
" curl -w 'We downloaded %{size_download} bytes\\n' www.download.com\n"
"\n"
"KERBEROS4 FTP TRANSFER\n"
"\n"
" Curl supports kerberos4 for FTP transfers. You need the kerberos package\n"
);
puts(
" installed and used at curl build time for it to be used.\n"
"\n"
" First, get the krb-ticket the normal way, like with the kauth tool. Then use\n"
" curl in way similar to:\n"
"\n"
" curl --krb4 private ftp://krb4site.com -u username:fakepwd\n"
"\n"
" There's no use for a password on the -u switch, but a blank one will make\n"
" curl ask for one and you already entered the real password to kauth.\n"
"\n"
"TELNET\n"
"\n"
" The curl telnet support is basic and very easy to use. Curl passes all data\n"
);
puts(
" passed to it on stdin to the remote server. Connect to a remote telnet\n"
" server using a command line similar to:\n"
"\n"
" curl telnet://remote.server.com\n"
"\n"
" And enter the data to pass to the server on stdin. The result will be sent\n"
" to stdout or to the file you specify with -o.\n"
"\n"
" You might want the -N/--no-buffer option to switch off the buffered output\n"
" for slow connections or similar.\n"
"\n"
" NOTE: the telnet protocol does not specify any way to login with a specified\n"
);
puts(
" user and password so curl can't do that automatically. To do that, you need\n"
" to track when the login prompt is received and send the username and\n"
" password accordingly.\n"
"\n"
"PERSISTANT CONNECTIONS\n"
"\n"
" Specifying multiple files on a single command line will make curl transfer\n"
" all of them, one after the other in the specified order.\n"
"\n"
" libcurl will attempt to use persistant connections for the transfers so that\n"
" the second transfer to the same host can use the same connection that was\n"
);
puts(
" already initiated and was left open in the previous transfer. This greatly\n"
" decreases connection time for all but the first transfer and it makes a far\n"
" better use of the network.\n"
"\n"
" Note that curl cannot use persistant connections for transfers that are used\n"
" in subsequence curl invokes. Try to stuff as many URLs as possible on the\n"
" same command line if they are using the same host, as that'll make the\n"
" transfers faster. If you use a http proxy for file transfers, practicly\n"
);
puts(
" all transfers will be persistant.\n"
"\n"
" Persistant connections were introduced in curl 7.7.\n"
"\n"
"MAILING LISTS\n"
"\n"
" For your convenience, we have several open mailing lists to discuss curl,\n"
" its development and things relevant to this.\n"
"\n"
" To subscribe to the main curl list, mail curl-request@contactor.se with\n"
" \"subscribe <fill in your email address>\" in the body.\n"
"\n"
" To subscribe to the curl-library users/deverlopers list, follow the\n"
" instructions at http://curl.haxx.se/mail/\n"
"\n"
);
puts(
" To subscribe to the curl-announce list, to only get information about new\n"
" releases, follow the instructions at http://curl.haxx.se/mail/\n"
"\n"
" To subscribe to the curl-and-PHP list in which curl using with PHP is\n"
" discussed, follow the instructions at http://curl.haxx.se/mail/\n"
"\n"
" Please direct curl questions, feature requests and trouble reports to one of\n"
" these mailing lists instead of mailing any individual.\n"
) ;
}