This file is printf.def, from which is created printf.c.
It implements the builtin "printf" in Bash.

Copyright (C) 1997-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.

Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with Bash; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

$PRODUCES printf.c

$BUILTIN printf
$FUNCTION printf_builtin
$SHORT_DOC printf [-v var] format [arguments]
printf formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. FORMAT
is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain
characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape
sequences which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
argument.  In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, %b means to
expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument, and %q
means to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input.
If the -v option is supplied, the output is placed into the value of the
shell variable VAR rather than being sent to the standard output.
$END

#include <config.h>

#include "../bashtypes.h"

#include <errno.h>
#if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H)
#  include <limits.h>
#else
   /* Assume 32-bit ints. */
#  define INT_MAX		2147483647
#  define INT_MIN		(-2147483647-1)
#endif

#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
#  include <stdarg.h>
#else
#  include <varargs.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <chartypes.h>

#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
#  include <inttypes.h>
#endif

#include "../bashansi.h"
#include "../bashintl.h"

#include "../shell.h"
#include "stdc.h"
#include "bashgetopt.h"
#include "common.h"

#if defined (PRI_MACROS_BROKEN)
#  undef PRIdMAX
#endif

#if !defined (PRIdMAX)
#  if HAVE_LONG_LONG
#    define PRIdMAX	"lld"
#  else
#    define PRIdMAX	"ld"
#  endif
#endif

#if !defined (errno)
extern int errno;
#endif

#define PC(c) \
  do { \
    char b[2]; \
    tw++; \
    b[0] = c; b[1] = '\0'; \
    if (vflag) \
      vbadd (b, 1); \
    else \
      putchar (c); \
  } while (0)

#define PF(f, func) \
  do { \
    char *b = 0; \
    int nw; \
    clearerr (stdout); \
    if (have_fieldwidth && have_precision) \
      nw = asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
    else if (have_fieldwidth) \
      nw = asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \
    else if (have_precision) \
      nw = asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \
    else \
      nw = asprintf(&b, f, func); \
    tw += nw; \
    if (b) \
      { \
	if (vflag) \
	  (void)vbadd (b, nw); \
	else \
	  (void)fputs (b, stdout); \
	if (ferror (stdout)) \
	  { \
	    sh_wrerror (); \
	    clearerr (stdout); \
	    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); \
	  } \
	free (b); \
      } \
  } while (0)

/* We free the buffer used by mklong() if it's `too big'. */
#define PRETURN(value) \
  do \
    { \
      if (vflag) \
	{ \
	  bind_variable  (vname, vbuf, 0); \
	  stupidly_hack_special_variables (vname); \
	} \
      if (conv_bufsize > 4096 ) \
	{ \
	  free (conv_buf); \
	  conv_bufsize = 0; \
	  conv_buf = 0; \
	} \
      if (vbsize > 4096) \
	{ \
	  free (vbuf); \
	  vbsize = 0; \
	  vbuf = 0; \
	} \
      fflush (stdout); \
      if (ferror (stdout)) \
	{ \
	  clearerr (stdout); \
	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); \
	} \
      return (value); \
    } \
  while (0)

#define SKIP1 "#'-+ 0"
#define LENMODS "hjlLtz"

#ifndef HAVE_ASPRINTF
extern int asprintf __P((char **, const char *, ...)) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 3)));
#endif

static void printf_erange __P((char *));
static int printstr __P((char *, char *, int, int, int));
static int tescape __P((char *, char *, int *));
static char *bexpand __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
static char *vbadd __P((char *, int));
static char *mklong __P((char *, char *, size_t));
static int getchr __P((void));
static char *getstr __P((void));
static int  getint __P((void));
static intmax_t getintmax __P((void));
static uintmax_t getuintmax __P((void));

#if defined (HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE) && HAVE_DECL_STRTOLD && !defined(STRTOLD_BROKEN)
typedef long double floatmax_t;
#  define FLOATMAX_CONV	"L"
#  define strtofltmax	strtold
#else
typedef double floatmax_t;
#  define FLOATMAX_CONV	""
#  define strtofltmax	strtod
#endif
static floatmax_t getfloatmax __P((void));

static int asciicode __P((void));

static WORD_LIST *garglist;
static int retval;
static int conversion_error;

/* printf -v var support */
static int vflag = 0;
static char *vbuf, *vname;
static size_t vbsize;
static int vblen;

static intmax_t tw;

static char *conv_buf;
static size_t conv_bufsize;

int
printf_builtin (list)
     WORD_LIST *list;
{
  int ch, fieldwidth, precision;
  int have_fieldwidth, have_precision;
  char convch, thisch, nextch, *format, *modstart, *fmt, *start;

  conversion_error = 0;
  retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;

  vflag = 0;

  reset_internal_getopt ();
  while ((ch = internal_getopt (list, "v:")) != -1)
    {
      switch (ch)
	{
	case 'v':
	  if (legal_identifier (vname = list_optarg))
	    {
	      vflag = 1;
	      vblen = 0;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      sh_invalidid (vname);
	      return (EX_USAGE);
	    }
	  break;
	default:
	  builtin_usage ();
	  return (EX_USAGE);
	}
    }
  list = loptend;	/* skip over possible `--' */

  if (list == 0)
    {
      builtin_usage ();
      return (EX_USAGE);
    }

  if (list->word->word == 0 || list->word->word[0] == '\0')
    return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);

  format = list->word->word;
  tw = 0;

  garglist = list->next;

  /* If the format string is empty after preprocessing, return immediately. */
  if (format == 0 || *format == 0)
    return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
	  
  /* Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
     specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
     width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
     format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
     arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
     up the format string. */
  do
    {
      tw = 0;
      /* find next format specification */
      for (fmt = format; *fmt; fmt++)
	{
	  precision = fieldwidth = 0;
	  have_fieldwidth = have_precision = 0;

	  if (*fmt == '\\')
	    {
	      fmt++;
	      /* A NULL third argument to tescape means to bypass the
		 special processing for arguments to %b. */
	      fmt += tescape (fmt, &nextch, (int *)NULL);
	      PC (nextch);
	      fmt--;	/* for loop will increment it for us again */
	      continue;
	    }

	  if (*fmt != '%')
	    {
	      PC (*fmt);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* ASSERT(*fmt == '%') */
	  start = fmt++;

	  if (*fmt == '%')		/* %% prints a % */
	    {
	      PC ('%');
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* found format specification, skip to field width */
	  for (; *fmt && strchr(SKIP1, *fmt); ++fmt)
	    ;

	  /* Skip optional field width. */
	  if (*fmt == '*')
	    {
	      fmt++;
	      have_fieldwidth = 1;
	      fieldwidth = getint ();
	    }
	  else
	    while (DIGIT (*fmt))
	      fmt++;

	  /* Skip optional '.' and precision */
	  if (*fmt == '.')
	    {
	      ++fmt;
	      if (*fmt == '*')
		{
		  fmt++;
		  have_precision = 1;
		  precision = getint ();
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* Negative precisions are allowed but treated as if the
		     precision were missing; I would like to allow a leading
		     `+' in the precision number as an extension, but lots
		     of asprintf/fprintf implementations get this wrong. */
#if 0
		  if (*fmt == '-' || *fmt == '+')
#else
		  if (*fmt == '-')
#endif
		    fmt++;
		  while (DIGIT (*fmt))
		    fmt++;
		}
	    }

	  /* skip possible format modifiers */
	  modstart = fmt;
	  while (*fmt && strchr (LENMODS, *fmt))
	    fmt++;
	    
	  if (*fmt == 0)
	    {
	      builtin_error (_("`%s': missing format character"), start);
	      PRETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
	    }

	  convch = *fmt;
	  thisch = modstart[0];
	  nextch = modstart[1];
	  modstart[0] = convch;
	  modstart[1] = '\0';

	  switch(convch)
	    {
	    case 'c':
	      {
		char p;

		p = getchr ();
		PF(start, p);
		break;
	      }

	    case 's':
	      {
		char *p;

		p = getstr ();
		PF(start, p);
		break;
	      }

	    case 'n':
	      {
		char *var;

		var = getstr ();
		if (var && *var)
		  {
		    if (legal_identifier (var))
		      bind_var_to_int (var, tw);
		    else
		      {
			sh_invalidid (var);
			PRETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
		      }
		  }
		break;
	      }

	    case 'b':		/* expand escapes in argument */
	      {
		char *p, *xp;
		int rlen, r;

		p = getstr ();
		ch = rlen = r = 0;
		xp = bexpand (p, strlen (p), &ch, &rlen);

		if (xp)
		  {
		    /* Have to use printstr because of possible NUL bytes
		       in XP -- printf does not handle that well. */
		    r = printstr (start, xp, rlen, fieldwidth, precision);
		    if (r < 0)
		      {
		        sh_wrerror ();
			clearerr (stdout);
		        retval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
		      }
		    free (xp);
		  }

		if (ch || r < 0)
		  PRETURN (retval);
		break;
	      }

	    case 'q':		/* print with shell quoting */
	      {
		char *p, *xp;
		int r;

		r = 0;
		p = getstr ();
		if (p && *p == 0)	/* XXX - getstr never returns null */
		  xp = savestring ("''");
		else if (ansic_shouldquote (p))
		  xp = ansic_quote (p, 0, (int *)0);
		else
		  xp = sh_backslash_quote (p);
		if (xp)
		  {
		    /* Use printstr to get fieldwidth and precision right. */
		    r = printstr (start, xp, strlen (xp), fieldwidth, precision);
		    if (r < 0)
		      {
			sh_wrerror ();
			clearerr (stdout);
		      }
		    free (xp);
		  }

		if (r < 0)
		  PRETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
		break;
	      }

	    case 'd':
	    case 'i':
	      {
		char *f;
		long p;
		intmax_t pp;

		p = pp = getintmax ();
		if (p != pp)
		  {
		    f = mklong (start, PRIdMAX, sizeof (PRIdMAX) - 2);
		    PF (f, pp);
		  }
		else
		  {
		    /* Optimize the common case where the integer fits
		       in "long".  This also works around some long
		       long and/or intmax_t library bugs in the common
		       case, e.g. glibc 2.2 x86.  */
		    f = mklong (start, "l", 1);
		    PF (f, p);
		  }
		break;
	      }

	    case 'o':
	    case 'u':
	    case 'x':
	    case 'X':
	      {
		char *f;
		unsigned long p;
		uintmax_t pp;

		p = pp = getuintmax ();
		if (p != pp)
		  {
		    f = mklong (start, PRIdMAX, sizeof (PRIdMAX) - 2);
		    PF (f, pp);
		  }
		else
		  {
		    f = mklong (start, "l", 1);
		    PF (f, p);
		  }
		break;
	      }

	    case 'e':
	    case 'E':
	    case 'f':
	    case 'F':
	    case 'g':
	    case 'G':
#if defined (HAVE_PRINTF_A_FORMAT)
	    case 'a':
	    case 'A':
#endif
	      {
		char *f;
		floatmax_t p;

		p = getfloatmax ();
		f = mklong (start, FLOATMAX_CONV, sizeof(FLOATMAX_CONV) - 1);
		PF (f, p);
		break;
	      }

	    /* We don't output unrecognized format characters; we print an
	       error message and return a failure exit status. */
	    default:
	      builtin_error (_("`%c': invalid format character"), convch);
	      PRETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
	    }

	  modstart[0] = thisch;
	  modstart[1] = nextch;
	}

      if (ferror (stdout))
	{
	  sh_wrerror ();
	  clearerr (stdout);
	  PRETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
	}
    }
  while (garglist && garglist != list->next);

  if (conversion_error)
    retval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;

  PRETURN (retval);
}

static void
printf_erange (s)
     char *s;
{
  builtin_error ("warning: %s: %s", s, strerror(ERANGE));
}

/* We duplicate a lot of what printf(3) does here. */
static int
printstr (fmt, string, len, fieldwidth, precision)
     char *fmt;			/* format */
     char *string;		/* expanded string argument */
     int len;			/* length of expanded string */
     int fieldwidth;		/* argument for width of `*' */
     int precision;		/* argument for precision of `*' */
{
#if 0
  char *s;
#endif
  int padlen, nc, ljust, i;
  int fw, pr;			/* fieldwidth and precision */

#if 0
  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
#else
  if (string == 0 || len == 0)
#endif
    return;

#if 0
  s = fmt;
#endif
  if (*fmt == '%')
    fmt++;

  ljust = fw = 0;
  pr = -1;

  /* skip flags */
  while (strchr (SKIP1, *fmt))
    {
      if (*fmt == '-')
	ljust = 1;
      fmt++;
    }

  /* get fieldwidth, if present */
  if (*fmt == '*')
    {
      fmt++;
      fw = fieldwidth;
      if (fw < 0)
	{
	  fw = -fw;
	  ljust = 1;
	}
    }
  else if (DIGIT (*fmt))
    {
      fw = *fmt++ - '0';
      while (DIGIT (*fmt))
	fw = (fw * 10) + (*fmt++ - '0');
    }

  /* get precision, if present */
  if (*fmt == '.')
    {
      fmt++;
      if (*fmt == '*')
	{
	  fmt++;
	  pr = precision;
	}
      else if (DIGIT (*fmt))
	{
	  pr = *fmt++ - '0';
	  while (DIGIT (*fmt))
	    pr = (pr * 10) + (*fmt++ - '0');
	}
    }

#if 0
  /* If we remove this, get rid of `s'. */
  if (*fmt != 'b' && *fmt != 'q')
    {
      internal_error ("format parsing problem: %s", s);
      fw = pr = 0;
    }
#endif

  /* chars from string to print */
  nc = (pr >= 0 && pr <= len) ? pr : len;

  padlen = fw - nc;
  if (padlen < 0)
    padlen = 0;
  if (ljust)
    padlen = -padlen;

  /* leading pad characters */
  for (; padlen > 0; padlen--)
    PC (' ');

  /* output NC characters from STRING */
  for (i = 0; i < nc; i++)
    PC (string[i]);

  /* output any necessary trailing padding */
  for (; padlen < 0; padlen++)
    PC (' ');

  return (ferror (stdout) ? -1 : 0);
}
  
/* Convert STRING by expanding the escape sequences specified by the
   POSIX standard for printf's `%b' format string.  If SAWC is non-null,
   perform the processing appropriate for %b arguments.  In particular,
   recognize `\c' and use that as a string terminator.  If we see \c, set
   *SAWC to 1 before returning.  LEN is the length of STRING. */

/* Translate a single backslash-escape sequence starting at ESTART (the
   character after the backslash) and return the number of characters
   consumed by the sequence.  CP is the place to return the translated
   value.  *SAWC is set to 1 if the escape sequence was \c, since that means
   to short-circuit the rest of the processing.  If SAWC is null, we don't
   do the \c short-circuiting, and \c is treated as an unrecognized escape
   sequence; we also bypass the other processing specific to %b arguments.  */
static int
tescape (estart, cp, sawc)
     char *estart;
     char *cp;
     int *sawc;
{
  register char *p;
  int temp, c, evalue;

  p = estart;

  switch (c = *p++)
    {
#if defined (__STDC__)
      case 'a': *cp = '\a'; break;
#else
      case 'a': *cp = '\007'; break;
#endif

      case 'b': *cp = '\b'; break;

      case 'e':
      case 'E': *cp = '\033'; break;	/* ESC -- non-ANSI */

      case 'f': *cp = '\f'; break;

      case 'n': *cp = '\n'; break;

      case 'r': *cp = '\r'; break;

      case 't': *cp = '\t'; break;

      case 'v': *cp = '\v'; break;

      /* The octal escape sequences are `\0' followed by up to three octal
	 digits (if SAWC), or `\' followed by up to three octal digits (if
	 !SAWC).  As an extension, we allow the latter form even if SAWC. */
      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
      case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
	evalue = OCTVALUE (c);
	for (temp = 2 + (!evalue && !!sawc); ISOCTAL (*p) && temp--; p++)
	  evalue = (evalue * 8) + OCTVALUE (*p);
	*cp = evalue & 0xFF;
	break;

      /* And, as another extension, we allow \xNNN, where each N is a
	 hex digit. */
      case 'x':
#if 0
	for (evalue = 0; ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char)*p); p++)
#else
	for (temp = 2, evalue = 0; ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char)*p) && temp--; p++)
#endif
	  evalue = (evalue * 16) + HEXVALUE (*p);
	if (p == estart + 1)
	  {
	    builtin_error (_("missing hex digit for \\x"));
	    *cp = '\\';
	    return 0;
	  }
	*cp = evalue & 0xFF;
	break;

      case '\\':	/* \\ -> \ */
	*cp = c;
	break;

      /* SAWC == 0 means that \', \", and \? are recognized as escape
	 sequences, though the only processing performed is backslash
	 removal. */
      case '\'': case '"': case '?':
	if (!sawc)
	  *cp = c;
	else
	  {
	    *cp = '\\';
	    return 0;
	  }
	break;

      case 'c':
	if (sawc)
	  {
	    *sawc = 1;
	    break;
	  }
      /* other backslash escapes are passed through unaltered */
      default:
	*cp = '\\';
	return 0;
      }
  return (p - estart);
}

static char *
bexpand (string, len, sawc, lenp)
     char *string;
     int len, *sawc, *lenp;
{
  int temp;
  char *ret, *r, *s, c;

#if 0
  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
#else
  if (string == 0 || len == 0)
#endif
    {
      if (sawc)
	*sawc = 0;
      if (lenp)
	*lenp = 0;
      return ((char *)NULL);
    }

  ret = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
  for (r = ret, s = string; s && *s; )
    {
      c = *s++;
      if (c != '\\' || *s == '\0')
	{
	  *r++ = c;
	  continue;
	}
      temp = 0;
      s += tescape (s, &c, &temp);
      if (temp)
	{
	  if (sawc)
	    *sawc = 1;
	  break;
	}

      *r++ = c;
    }

  *r = '\0';
  if (lenp)
    *lenp = r - ret;
  return ret;
}

static char *
vbadd (buf, blen)
     char *buf;
     int blen;
{
  size_t nlen;

  nlen = vblen + blen + 1;
  if (nlen >= vbsize)
    {
      vbsize = ((nlen + 63) >> 6) << 6;
      vbuf = (char *)xrealloc (vbuf, vbsize);
    }

  if (blen == 1)
    vbuf[vblen++] = buf[0];
  else
    {
      FASTCOPY (buf, vbuf  + vblen, blen);
      vblen += blen;
    }
  vbuf[vblen] = '\0';

#ifdef DEBUG
  if  (strlen (vbuf) != vblen)
    internal_error  ("printf:vbadd: vblen (%d) != strlen (vbuf) (%d)", vblen, (int)strlen (vbuf));
#endif

  return vbuf;
}

static char *
mklong (str, modifiers, mlen)
     char *str;
     char *modifiers;
     size_t mlen;
{
  size_t len, slen;

  slen = strlen (str);
  len = slen + mlen + 1;

  if (len > conv_bufsize)
    {
      conv_bufsize = (((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10);
      conv_buf = (char *)xrealloc (conv_buf, conv_bufsize);
    }

  FASTCOPY (str, conv_buf, slen - 1);
  FASTCOPY (modifiers, conv_buf + slen - 1, mlen);

  conv_buf[len - 2] = str[slen - 1];
  conv_buf[len - 1] = '\0';
  return (conv_buf);
}

static int
getchr ()
{
  int ret;

  if (garglist == 0)
    return ('\0');

  ret = (int)garglist->word->word[0];
  garglist = garglist->next;
  return ret;
}

static char *
getstr ()
{
  char *ret;

  if (garglist == 0)
    return ("");

  ret = garglist->word->word;
  garglist = garglist->next;
  return ret;
}

static int
getint ()
{
  intmax_t ret;

  ret = getintmax ();

  if (ret > INT_MAX)
    {
      printf_erange (garglist->word->word);
      ret = INT_MAX;
    }
  else if (ret < INT_MIN)
    {
      printf_erange (garglist->word->word);
      ret = INT_MIN;
    }

  return ((int)ret);
}

static intmax_t
getintmax ()
{
  intmax_t ret;
  char *ep;

  if (garglist == 0)
    return (0);

  if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
    return asciicode ();

  errno = 0;
  ret = strtoimax (garglist->word->word, &ep, 0);

  if (*ep)
    {
      sh_invalidnum (garglist->word->word);
      /* POSIX.2 says ``...a diagnostic message shall be written to standard
	 error, and the utility shall not exit with a zero exit status, but
	 shall continue processing any remaining operands and shall write the
         value accumulated at the time the error was detected to standard
	 output.''  Yecch. */
      ret = 0;
      conversion_error = 1;
    }
  else if (errno == ERANGE)
    printf_erange (garglist->word->word);

  garglist = garglist->next;
  return (ret);
}

static uintmax_t
getuintmax ()
{
  uintmax_t ret;
  char *ep;

  if (garglist == 0)
    return (0);

  if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
    return asciicode ();

  errno = 0;
  ret = strtoumax (garglist->word->word, &ep, 0);
  
  if (*ep)
    {
      sh_invalidnum (garglist->word->word);
      /* Same POSIX.2 conversion error requirements as getintmax(). */
      ret = 0;
      conversion_error = 1;
    }
  else if (errno == ERANGE)
    printf_erange (garglist->word->word);

  garglist = garglist->next;
  return (ret);
}

static floatmax_t
getfloatmax ()
{
  floatmax_t ret;
  char *ep;

  if (garglist == 0)
    return (0);

  if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
    return asciicode ();

  errno = 0;
  ret = strtofltmax (garglist->word->word, &ep);

  if (*ep)
    {
      sh_invalidnum (garglist->word->word);
      /* Same thing about POSIX.2 conversion error requirements. */
      ret = 0;
      conversion_error = 1;
    }
  else if (errno == ERANGE)
    printf_erange (garglist->word->word);

  garglist = garglist->next;
  return (ret);
}

/* NO check is needed for garglist here. */
static int
asciicode ()
{
  register int ch;

  ch = garglist->word->word[1];
  garglist = garglist->next;
  return (ch);
}