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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_alias</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_alias.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides for mapping different parts of the host
filesystem in the document tree and for URL redirection</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>alias_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_alias.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>The directives contained in this module allow for manipulation
and control of URLs as requests arrive at the server. The
<code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directives are used to
map between URLs and filesystem paths. This allows for content
which is not directly under the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> served as part of the web
document tree. The <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directive has the
additional effect of marking the target directory as containing
only CGI scripts.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code>
directives are used to instruct clients to make a new request with
a different URL. They are often used when a resource has moved to
a new location.</p>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> is designed to handle simple URL
manipulation tasks. For more complicated tasks such as
manipulating the query string, use the tools provided by
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#alias">Alias</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirectpermanent">RedirectPermanent</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirecttemp">RedirectTemp</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#order">Order of Processing</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li>
<li><a href="../urlmapping.html">Mapping URLs to the filesystem</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="order" id="order">Order of Processing</a></h2>
<p>Aliases and Redirects occuring in different contexts are processed
like other directives according to standard <a href="../sections.html#mergin">merging rules</a>. But when multiple
Aliases or Redirects occur in the same context (for example, in the
same <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
section) they are processed in a particular order.</p>
<p>First, all Redirects are processed before Aliases are processed,
and therefore a request that matches a <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> will never have Aliases
applied. Second, the Aliases and Redirects are processed in the order
they appear in the configuration files, with the first match taking
precedence.</p>
<p>For this reason, when two or more of these directives apply to the
same sub-path, you must list the most specific path first in order for
all the directives to have an effect. For example, the following
configuration will work as expected:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Alias /foo/bar /baz<br />
Alias /foo /gaq
</code></p></div>
<p>But if the above two directives were reversed in order, the
<code>/foo</code> <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>
would always match before the <code>/foo/bar</code> <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>, so the latter directive would be
ignored.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Alias" id="Alias">Alias</a> <a name="alias" id="alias">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps URLs to filesystem locations</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Alias <var>URL-path</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">Alias</code> directive allows documents to
be stored in the local filesystem other than under the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. URLs with a
(%-decoded) path beginning with <var>url-path</var> will be mapped
to local files beginning with <var>directory-path</var>. The
<var>url-path</var> is case-sensitive, even on case-insensitive
file systems.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
Alias /image /ftp/pub/image
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for <code>http://example.com/image/foo.gif</code> would cause
the server to return the file <code>/ftp/pub/image/foo.gif</code>. Only
complete path segments are matched, so the above alias would not match a
request for <code>http://example.com/imagefoo.gif</code>. For more complex
matching using regular expressions, see the <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> directive.</p>
<p>Note that if you include a trailing / on the
<var>url-path</var> then the server will require a trailing / in
order to expand the alias. That is, if you use</p>
<dl><dd><code>Alias /icons/ /usr/local/apache/icons/</code></dd></dl>
<p>then the url <code>/icons</code> will not be aliased, as it lacks
that trailing /. Likewise, if you omit the slash on the
<var>url-path</var> then you must also omit it from the
<var>file-path</var>.</p>
<p>Note that you may need to specify additional <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections which
cover the <em>destination</em> of aliases. Aliasing occurs before
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections
are checked, so only the destination of aliases are affected.
(Note however <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
sections are run through once before aliases are performed, so
they will apply.)</p>
<p>In particular, if you are creating an <code>Alias</code> to a
directory outside of your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>, you may need to explicitly
permit access to the target directory.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
Alias /image /ftp/pub/image<br />
<Directory /ftp/pub/image><br />
<span class="indent">
Order allow,deny<br />
Allow from all<br />
</span>
</Directory>
</code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AliasMatch" id="AliasMatch">AliasMatch</a> <a name="aliasmatch" id="aliasmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps URLs to filesystem locations using regular
expressions</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AliasMatch <var>regex</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>, but makes use of
<a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
instead of simple prefix matching. The
supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path, and
if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
example, to activate the <code>/icons</code> directory, one might
use:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AliasMatch ^/icons(.*) /usr/local/apache/icons$1
</code></p></div>
<p>The full range of <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>
power is available. For example,
it is possible to construct an alias with case-insensitive
matching of the url-path:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AliasMatch (?i)^/image(.*) /ftp/pub/image$1
</code></p></div>
<p>One subtle difference
between <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>
and <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> is
that <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> will
automatically copy any additional part of the URI, past the part
that matched, onto the end of the file path on the right side,
while <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> will
not. This means that in almost all cases, you will want the
regular expression to match the entire request URI from beginning
to end, and to use substitution on the right side.</p>
<p>In other words, just changing
<code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> to
<code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> will not
have the same effect. At a minimum, you need to
add <code>^</code> to the beginning of the regular expression
and add <code>(.*)$</code> to the end, and add <code>$1</code> to
the end of the replacement.</p>
<p>For example, suppose you want to replace this with AliasMatch:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Alias /image/ /ftp/pub/image/
</code></p></div>
<p>This is NOT equivalent - don't do this! This will send all
requests that have /image/ anywhere in them to /ftp/pub/image/:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AliasMatch /image/ /ftp/pub/image/
</code></p></div>
<p>This is what you need to get the same effect:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AliasMatch ^/image/(.*)$ /ftp/pub/image/$1
</code></p></div>
<p>Of course, there's no point in
using <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code>
where <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> would
work. <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> lets
you do more complicated things. For example, you could
serve different kinds of files from different directories:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AliasMatch ^/image/(.*)\.jpg$ /files/jpg.images/$1.jpg<br />
AliasMatch ^/image/(.*)\.gif$ /files/gif.images/$1.gif
</code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Redirect" id="Redirect">Redirect</a> <a name="redirect" id="redirect">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Redirect [<var>status</var>] <var>URL-path</var>
<var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The Redirect directive maps an old URL into a new one by asking
the client to refetch the resource at the new location.</p>
<p>The old <em>URL-path</em> is a case-sensitive (%-decoded) path
beginning with a slash. A relative path is not allowed. The new
<em>URL</em> should be an absolute URL beginning with a scheme and
hostname, but a URL-path beginning with a slash may also be used,
in which case the scheme and hostname of the current server will
be added.</p>
<p>Then any request beginning with <em>URL-Path</em> will return a
redirect request to the client at the location of the target
<em>URL</em>. Additional path information beyond the matched
<em>URL-Path</em> will be appended to the target URL.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
Redirect /service http://foo2.example.com/service
</code></p></div>
<p>If the client requests <code>http://example.com/service/foo.txt</code>,
it will be told to access
<code>http://foo2.example.com/service/foo.txt</code>
instead. Only complete path segments are matched, so the above
example would not match a request for
<code>http://example.com/servicefoo.txt</code>. For more complex matching
using regular expressions, see the <code class="directive"><a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive.</p>
<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
<p>Redirect directives take precedence over
Alias and ScriptAlias directives, irrespective of their ordering in
the configuration file.</p></div>
<p>If no <var>status</var> argument is given, the redirect will
be "temporary" (HTTP status 302). This indicates to the client
that the resource has moved temporarily. The <var>status</var>
argument can be used to return other HTTP status codes:</p>
<dl>
<dt>permanent</dt>
<dd>Returns a permanent redirect status (301) indicating that
the resource has moved permanently.</dd>
<dt>temp</dt>
<dd>Returns a temporary redirect status (302). This is the
default.</dd>
<dt>seeother</dt>
<dd>Returns a "See Other" status (303) indicating that the
resource has been replaced.</dd>
<dt>gone</dt>
<dd>Returns a "Gone" status (410) indicating that the
resource has been permanently removed. When this status is
used the <var>URL</var> argument should be omitted.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Other status codes can be returned by giving the numeric
status code as the value of <var>status</var>. If the status is
between 300 and 399, the <var>URL</var> argument must be present,
otherwise it must be omitted. Note that the status must be
known to the Apache code (see the function
<code>send_error_response</code> in http_protocol.c).</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
Redirect permanent /one http://example.com/two<br />
Redirect 303 /three http://example.com/other
</code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectMatch" id="RedirectMatch">RedirectMatch</a> <a name="redirectmatch" id="redirectmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external redirect based on a regular expression match
of the current URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectMatch [<var>status</var>] <var>regex</var>
<var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code>, but makes use of
<a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
instead of simple prefix matching. The
supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path, and
if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
example, to redirect all GIF files to like-named JPEG files on
another server, one might use:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
RedirectMatch (.*)\.gif$ http://www.anotherserver.com$1.jpg
</code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectPermanent" id="RedirectPermanent">RedirectPermanent</a> <a name="redirectpermanent" id="redirectpermanent">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external permanent redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectPermanent <var>URL-path</var> <var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
permanent (status 301). Exactly equivalent to <code>Redirect
permanent</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectTemp" id="RedirectTemp">RedirectTemp</a> <a name="redirecttemp" id="redirecttemp">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external temporary redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectTemp <var>URL-path</var> <var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
only temporary (status 302). Exactly equivalent to
<code>Redirect temp</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ScriptAlias" id="ScriptAlias">ScriptAlias</a> <a name="scriptalias" id="scriptalias">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps a URL to a filesystem location and designates the
target as a CGI script</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ScriptAlias <var>URL-path</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> directive has the same
behavior as the <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>
directive, except that in addition it marks the target directory
as containing CGI scripts that will be processed by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>'s cgi-script handler. URLs with a case-sensitive
(%-decoded) path beginning with <var>URL-path</var> will be mapped
to scripts beginning with the second argument, which is a full
pathname in the local filesystem.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /web/cgi-bin/
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for <code>http://example.com/cgi-bin/foo</code> would cause the
server to run the script <code>/web/cgi-bin/foo</code>. This configuration
is essentially equivalent to:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Alias /cgi-bin/ /web/cgi-bin/<br />
<Location /cgi-bin ><br />
<span class="indent">
SetHandler cgi-script<br />
Options +ExecCGI<br />
</span>
</Location>
</code></p></div>
<div class="warning">It is safer to avoid placing CGI scripts under the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> in order to
avoid accidentally revealing their source code if the
configuration is ever changed. The
<code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> makes this easy by mapping a
URL and designating CGI scripts at the same time. If you do
choose to place your CGI scripts in a directory already
accessible from the web, do not use
<code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code>. Instead, use <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> as in:
<div class="example"><p><code>
<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cgi-bin ><br />
<span class="indent">
SetHandler cgi-script<br />
Options ExecCGI<br />
</span>
</Directory>
</code></p></div>
This is necessary since multiple <var>URL-paths</var> can map
to the same filesystem location, potentially bypassing the
<code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> and revealing the source code
of the CGI scripts if they are not restricted by a
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">Directory</a></code> section.</div>
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../howto/cgi.html">CGI Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ScriptAliasMatch" id="ScriptAliasMatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a> <a name="scriptaliasmatch" id="scriptaliasmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps a URL to a filesystem location using a regular expression
and designates the target as a CGI script</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ScriptAliasMatch <var>regex</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code>, but makes use of
<a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
instead of simple prefix matching. The
supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path,
and if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
example, to activate the standard <code>/cgi-bin</code>, one
might use:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin(.*) /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin$1
</code></p></div>
<p>As for AliasMatch, the full range of <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#rexex" title="see glossary">regular
expression</a> power is available.
For example, it is possible to construct an alias with case-insensitive
matching of the url-path:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
ScriptAliasMatch (?i)^/cgi-bin(.*) /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin$1
</code></p></div>
<p>The considerations related to the difference between
<code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> and
<code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code>
also apply to the difference between
<code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> and
<code class="directive"><a href="#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code>.
See <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> for
details.</p>
</div>
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