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<title>Per-user web directories - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Per-user web directories</h1>
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<p>On systems with multiple users, each user can be permitted to have a
web site in their home directory using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive. Visitors
to a URL <code>http://example.com/~username/</code> will get content
out of the home directory of the user "<code>username</code>", out of
the subdirectory specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive.</p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Per-user web directories</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#userdir">Setting the file path with UserDir</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirect">Redirecting to external URLs</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#enable">Restricting what users are permitted to use this
feature</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cgi">Enabling a cgi directory for each user</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#htaccess">Allowing users to alter configuration</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../urlmapping.html">Mapping URLs to the Filesystem</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="related" id="related">Per-user web directories</a></h2>
<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directorymatch">DirectoryMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="userdir" id="userdir">Setting the file path with UserDir</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code>
directive specifies a directory out of which per-user
content is loaded. This directive may take several different forms.</p>
<p>If a path is given which does not start with a leading slash, it is
assumed to be a directory path relative to the home directory of the
specified user. Given this configuration:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir public_html
</code></p></div>
<p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
translated to the file path
<code>/home/rbowen/public_html/file.html</code></p>
<p>If a path is given starting with a slash, a directory path will be
constructed using that path, plus the username specified. Given this
configuration:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir /var/html
</code></p></div>
<p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
translated to the file path <code>/var/html/rbowen/file.html</code></p>
<p>If a path is provided which contains an asterisk (*), a path is used
in which the asterisk is replaced with the username. Given this
configuration:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir /var/www/*/docs
</code></p></div>
<p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
translated to the file path
<code>/var/www/rbowen/docs/file.html</code></p>
<p>Multiple directories or directory paths can also be set.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir public_html /var/html
</code></p></div>
<p>For the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code>,
Apache will search for <code>~rbowen</code>. If it isn't found,
Apache will search for <code>rbowen</code> in <code>/var/html</code>. If
found, the above URL will then be translated to the file path
<code>/var/html/rbowen/file.html</code></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="redirect" id="redirect">Redirecting to external URLs</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive can be
used to redirect user directory requests to external URLs.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir http://example.org/users/*/
</code></p></div>
<p>The above example will redirect a request for
<code>http://example.com/~bob/abc.html</code> to
<code>http://example.org/users/bob/abc.html</code>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="enable" id="enable">Restricting what users are permitted to use this
feature</a></h2>
<p>Using the syntax shown in the UserDir documentation, you can restrict
what users are permitted to use this functionality:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir disabled root jro fish
</code></p></div>
<p>The configuration above will enable the feature for all users
except for those listed in the <code>disabled</code> statement.
You can, likewise, disable the feature for all but a few users by
using a configuration like the following:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UserDir disabled<br />
UserDir enabled rbowen krietz
</code></p></div>
<p>See <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code>
documentation for additional examples.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="cgi" id="cgi">Enabling a cgi directory for each user</a></h2>
<p>In order to give each user their own cgi-bin directory, you can use
a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
directive to make a particular subdirectory of a user's home directory
cgi-enabled.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
<Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin/><br />
Options ExecCGI<br />
SetHandler cgi-script<br />
</Directory>
</code></p></div>
<p>Then, presuming that <code>UserDir</code> is set to
<code>public_html</code>, a cgi program <code>example.cgi</code>
could be loaded from that directory as:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
http://example.com/~rbowen/cgi-bin/example.cgi
</code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">Allowing users to alter configuration</a></h2>
<p>If you want to allows users to modify the server configuration in
their web space, they will need to use <code>.htaccess</code> files to
make these changed. Ensure that you have set <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> to a
value sufficient for the directives that you want to permit the users
to modify. See the <a href="htaccess.html">.htaccess tutorial</a> for
additional details on how this works.</p>
</div></div>
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