/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Apple Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <asl_core.h>
#include <asl_private.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <membership.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>

#define ASL_STRING_QUANTUM 256
static const char *cvis_7_13 = "abtnvfr";

/*
 * Message ID generation
 */
static uint64_t _asl_core_msg_next_id = 1;
static pthread_mutex_t core_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

#define mix(a, b, c) \
{ \
	a -= b; a -= c; a ^= (c>>13); \
	b -= c; b -= a; b ^= (a<< 8); \
	c -= a; c -= b; c ^= (b>>13); \
	a -= b; a -= c; a ^= (c>>12); \
	b -= c; b -= a; b ^= (a<<16); \
	c -= a; c -= b; c ^= (b>> 5); \
	a -= b; a -= c; a ^= (c>> 3); \
	b -= c; b -= a; b ^= (a<<10); \
	c -= a; c -= b; c ^= (b>>15); \
}

/*
 * Hash is used to improve string search.
 */
uint32_t
asl_core_string_hash(const char *s, uint32_t inlen)
{
	uint32_t a, b, c, l, len;

	if (s == NULL) return 0;

	l = inlen;
	if (l == 0)
	{
		if (s[0] == '\0') return 0;
		l = strlen(s);
	}

	len = l;
	a = b = 0x9e3779b9;
	c = 0;

	while (len >= 12)
	{
		a += (s[0] + ((uint32_t)s[1]<<8) + ((uint32_t)s[ 2]<<16) + ((uint32_t)s[ 3]<<24));
		b += (s[4] + ((uint32_t)s[5]<<8) + ((uint32_t)s[ 6]<<16) + ((uint32_t)s[ 7]<<24));
		c += (s[8] + ((uint32_t)s[9]<<8) + ((uint32_t)s[10]<<16) + ((uint32_t)s[11]<<24));

		mix(a, b, c);

		s += 12;
		len -= 12;
	}

	c += l;
	switch(len)
	{
		case 11: c += ((uint32_t)s[10]<<24);
		case 10: c += ((uint32_t)s[9]<<16);
		case 9 : c += ((uint32_t)s[8]<<8);

		case 8 : b += ((uint32_t)s[7]<<24);
		case 7 : b += ((uint32_t)s[6]<<16);
		case 6 : b += ((uint32_t)s[5]<<8);
		case 5 : b += s[4];

		case 4 : a += ((uint32_t)s[3]<<24);
		case 3 : a += ((uint32_t)s[2]<<16);
		case 2 : a += ((uint32_t)s[1]<<8);
		case 1 : a += s[0];
	}

	mix(a, b, c);

	if (c == 0) c = 1;
	return c;
}

const char *
asl_core_error(uint32_t code)
{
	switch (code)
	{
		case ASL_STATUS_OK: return "Operation Succeeded";
		case ASL_STATUS_INVALID_ARG: return "Invalid Argument";
		case ASL_STATUS_INVALID_STORE: return "Invalid Data Store";
		case ASL_STATUS_INVALID_STRING: return "Invalid String";
		case ASL_STATUS_INVALID_ID: return "Invalid ID Number";
		case ASL_STATUS_INVALID_MESSAGE: return "Invalid Message";
		case ASL_STATUS_NOT_FOUND: return "Not Found";
		case ASL_STATUS_READ_FAILED: return "Read Operation Failed";
		case ASL_STATUS_WRITE_FAILED: return "Write Operation Failed";
		case ASL_STATUS_NO_MEMORY: return "System Memory Allocation Failed";
		case ASL_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED: return "Access Denied";
		case ASL_STATUS_READ_ONLY: return "Read Only Access";
		case ASL_STATUS_WRITE_ONLY: return "Write Only Access";
		case ASL_STATUS_MATCH_FAILED: return "Match Failed";
		case ASL_STATUS_NO_RECORDS: return "No More Records";
	}

	return "Operation Failed";
}

static uint32_t
asl_core_check_user_access(int32_t msgu, int32_t readu)
{
	/* -1 means anyone may read */
	if (msgu == -1) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	/* Check for exact match */
	if (msgu == readu) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	return ASL_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
}

static uint32_t
asl_core_check_group_access(int32_t msgg, int32_t readu, int32_t readg)
{
	int check;
	uuid_t uu, gu;

	/* -1 means anyone may read */
	if (msgg == -1) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	/* Check for exact match */
	if (msgg == readg) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	/* Check if user (u) is in read group (msgg) */
	mbr_uid_to_uuid(readu, uu);
	mbr_gid_to_uuid(msgg, gu);

	check = 0;
	mbr_check_membership(uu, gu, &check);
	if (check != 0) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	return ASL_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
}

uint32_t
asl_core_check_access(int32_t msgu, int32_t msgg, int32_t readu, int32_t readg, uint16_t flags)
{
	uint16_t uset, gset;

	/* root (uid 0) may always read */
	if (readu == 0) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	uset = flags & ASL_MSG_FLAG_READ_UID_SET;
	gset = flags & ASL_MSG_FLAG_READ_GID_SET;

	/* if no access controls are set, anyone may read */
	if ((uset | gset) == 0) return ASL_STATUS_OK;

	/* if only uid is set, then access is only by uid match */
	if ((uset != 0) && (gset == 0)) return asl_core_check_user_access(msgu, readu);

	/* if only gid is set, then access is only by gid match */
	if ((uset == 0) && (gset != 0)) return asl_core_check_group_access(msgg, readu, readg);

	/* both uid and gid are set - check user, then group */
	if ((asl_core_check_user_access(msgu, readu)) == ASL_STATUS_OK) return ASL_STATUS_OK;
	return asl_core_check_group_access(msgg, readu, readg);
}

uint64_t
asl_core_htonq(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
	return n;
#else
	u_int32_t t;
	union
	{
		u_int64_t q;
		u_int32_t l[2];
	} x;

	x.q = n;
	t = x.l[0];
	x.l[0] = htonl(x.l[1]);
	x.l[1] = htonl(t);

	return x.q;
#endif
}

uint64_t
asl_core_ntohq(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
	return n;
#else
	u_int32_t t;
	union
	{
		u_int64_t q;
		u_int32_t l[2];
	} x;

	x.q = n;
	t = x.l[0];
	x.l[0] = ntohl(x.l[1]);
	x.l[1] = ntohl(t);

	return x.q;
#endif
}

uint64_t
asl_core_new_msg_id(uint64_t start)
{
	uint64_t out;

	pthread_mutex_lock(&core_lock);

	if (start != 0) _asl_core_msg_next_id = start;

	out = _asl_core_msg_next_id;
	_asl_core_msg_next_id++;

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&core_lock);

	return out;
}

/*
 * asl_core_encode_buffer
 * encode arbitrary data as a C string without embedded zero (nul) characters
 *
 * The routine computes a histogram of the input buffer and finds
 * the two least frequently used non-nul chars (L[0] and L[1]).
 *
 * L[0] is used to stand in for nul.
 * L[1] is used as the escape character.
 * Occurrences of nul in the data are encoded as L[0]
 * Occurrences of L[0] in the data are encoded as the sequence L[1] 1.
 * Occurrences of L[1] in the data are encoded as the sequence L[1] 2.
 *
 * The output string is preceded by L[0] L[1], and is nul terminated.
 * The output length is 2 + n + N(L[0]) + N(L[1]) + 1
 * where N(x) is the number of occurrences of x in the input string.
 * The worst case occurs when all characters are equally frequent, 
 * In that case the output size will less that 1% larger than the input.
 */
char *
asl_core_encode_buffer(const char *in, uint32_t len)
{
	char *str;
	uint32_t i, j, k, outlen, breakit, min, hist[256];
	uint32_t lfu[2], save[2];
	uint8_t v;

	if (in == NULL) return NULL;
	if (len == 0) return NULL;

	memset(hist, 0, sizeof(hist));
	save[0] = 0;
	save[1] = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		v = in[i];
		hist[v]++;
	}

	for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
	{
		lfu[j] = 1;
		min = hist[1];

		for (i = 2; i < 256; i++)
		{
			if (hist[i] < min)
			{
				lfu[j] = i;
				min = hist[i];

				/*
				 * Stop if there are no occurances or character i in the input.
				 * The minimum will never be less than zero.
				 */
				if (min == 0) break;

				/*
				 * When looking for the second least frequently used character,
				 * stop scanning if we hit the same minimum as we saw in the first
				 * pass.  There will be no smaller values.
				 */
				if ((j == 1) && (min == save[0])) break;
			}
		}

		save[j] = hist[lfu[j]];
		hist[lfu[j]] = (uint32_t)-1;
	}

	outlen = 2 + len + save[0] + save[1] + 1;

	str = malloc(outlen);
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;

	str[outlen - 1] = '\0';

	str[0] = lfu[0];
	str[1] = lfu[1];

	j = 2;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		v = in[i];
		if (v == 0)
		{
			str[j++] = lfu[0];
			continue;
		}

		breakit = 0;
		for (k = 0; (k < 2) && (breakit == 0); k++)
		{
			if (v == lfu[k])
			{
				str[j++] = lfu[1];
				str[j++] = k + 1;
				breakit = 1;
			}
		}

		if (breakit == 1) continue;

		str[j++] = v;
	}

	return str;
}

/*
 * asl_core_decode_buffer
 * decode a string produced by asl_encode_buffer to recreate the original data
 */
int32_t
asl_core_decode_buffer(const char *in, char **buf, uint32_t *len)
{
	uint8_t v;
	uint32_t i, j, n, outlen;
	uint8_t lfu[2];
	char *out;

	if (buf == NULL) return -1;
	if (len == NULL) return -1;

	lfu[0] = in[0];
	lfu[1] = in[1];

	outlen = 0;

	/* strip trailing nul */
	n = strlen(in);

	/* determine output length and check for invalid input */
	for (i = 2; i < n; i++)
	{
		v = in[i];
		if (v == lfu[1])
		{
			i++;
			if (i == n) return -1;

			v = in[i];
			if ((v < 1) || (v > 2)) return -1;

			outlen++;
		}
		else outlen++;
	}

	if (outlen == 0) return -1;

	out = malloc(outlen);
	if (out == NULL) return -1;

	j = 0;
	for (i = 2; i < n; i++)
	{
		v = in[i];
		if (v == lfu[0])
		{
			out[j++] = 0;
		}
		else if (v == lfu[1])
		{
			i++;
			v = in[i];
			out[j++] = lfu[v - 1];
		}
		else out[j++] = v;
	}

	*len = outlen;
	*buf = out;
	return 0;
}

/* asl_string_t support */

asl_string_t *
asl_string_new(uint32_t encoding)
{
	asl_string_t *str = (asl_string_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(asl_string_t));
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;

	str->encoding = encoding;
	str->delta = ASL_STRING_QUANTUM;
	if (encoding & ASL_STRING_VM) str->delta = PAGE_SIZE;
	str->bufsize = 0;
	str->cursor = 0;

	if (encoding & ASL_STRING_LEN) asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "         0 ");
	return str;
}

void
asl_string_free(asl_string_t *str)
{
	if (str == NULL) return;

	if (str->encoding & ASL_STRING_VM)
	{
		vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)str->buf, str->bufsize);
	}
	else
	{
		free(str->buf);
	}

	free(str);
}

char *
asl_string_free_return_bytes(asl_string_t *str)
{
	char *out;
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;

	out = str->buf;	
	free(str);
	return out;
}

char *
asl_string_bytes(asl_string_t *str)
{
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;
	return str->buf;
}

/* length includes trailing nul */
size_t
asl_string_length(asl_string_t *str)
{
	if (str == NULL) return 0;
	if (str->cursor == 0) return 0;

	return str->cursor + 1;
}

size_t
asl_string_allocated_size(asl_string_t *str)
{
	if (str == NULL) return 0;
	return str->bufsize;
}

static int
_asl_string_grow(asl_string_t *str, size_t len)
{
	size_t newlen = 0;

	if (str == NULL) return -1;
	if (len == 0) return 0;

	if (str->bufsize == 0)
	{
		newlen = ((len + str->delta - 1) / str->delta) * str->delta;
	}
	else
	{
		/* used size is (str->cursor + 1) including tailiing nul */
		if (len <= (str->bufsize - (str->cursor + 1))) return 0;

		/* really this is ((str->cursor + 1) + len + (str->delta - 1)) */
		newlen = ((str->cursor + len + str->delta) / str->delta) * str->delta;
	}

	if (str->encoding & ASL_STRING_VM)
	{
		kern_return_t kstatus;
		vm_address_t new = 0;

		kstatus = vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), &new, newlen, TRUE);
		if (kstatus != KERN_SUCCESS)
		{
			new = 0;
			newlen = 0;
			return -1;
		}
	
		if (str->buf != NULL)
		{
			memcpy((void *)new, str->buf, str->bufsize);
			vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)str->buf, str->bufsize);
		}

		str->buf = (char *)new;
		str->bufsize = newlen;
	}
	else
	{
		str->buf = reallocf(str->buf, newlen);
		if (str->buf == NULL)
		{
			str->cursor = 0;
			str->bufsize = 0;
			return -1;
		}

		str->bufsize = newlen;
	}

	return 0;
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(asl_string_t *str, const char c)
{
	size_t len;
	
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;

	len = 1;
	if (str->bufsize == 0) len++;

	if (_asl_string_grow(str, len) < 0) return str;

	str->buf[str->cursor] = c;
	str->cursor++;
	str->buf[str->cursor] = '\0';

	if (str->encoding & ASL_STRING_LEN)
	{
		char tmp[11];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%10lu", str->cursor - 10);
		memcpy(str->buf, tmp, 10);
	}

	return str;
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_no_encoding(asl_string_t *str, const char *app)
{
	size_t len, applen;

	if (str == NULL) return NULL;
	if (app == NULL) return str;

	applen = strlen(app);
	len = applen;
	if (str->bufsize == 0) len++;

	if (_asl_string_grow(str, len) < 0) return str;

	memcpy(str->buf + str->cursor, app, applen);

	str->cursor += applen;
	str->buf[str->cursor] = '\0';

	if (str->encoding & ASL_STRING_LEN)
	{
		char tmp[11];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%10lu", str->cursor - 10);
		memcpy(str->buf, tmp, 10);
	}

	return str;
}

static asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_internal(asl_string_t *str, const char *app, int encode_space)
{
	uint8_t x;
	const char *p;

	if (str == NULL) return NULL;
	if (app == NULL) return str;

	switch (str->encoding & ASL_ENCODE_MASK)
	{
		case ASL_ENCODE_NONE:
		{
			return asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, app);
		}
		case ASL_ENCODE_SAFE: 
		{
			/* minor encoding to reduce the likelyhood of spoof attacks */
			const char *p;
	
			for (p = app; *p != '\0'; p++)
			{
				if ((*p == 10) || (*p == 13))
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\n\t");
				}
				else if (*p == 8)
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "^H");
				}
				else
				{
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, *p);
				}
			}

			return str;
		}
		case ASL_ENCODE_ASL:
		{
			for (p = app; *p != '\0'; p++)
			{
				int meta = 0;

				x = *p;
				
				/* Meta chars get \M prefix */
				if (x >= 128)
				{
					/* except meta-space, which is \240 */
					if (x == 160)
					{
						asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\240");
						continue;
					}
					
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\M");
					x &= 0x7f;
					meta = 1;
				}
				
				/* space is either ' ' or \s */
				if (x == 32)
				{
					if (encode_space == 0)
					{
						asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, ' ');
						continue;
					}
					
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\s");
					continue;
				}
				
				/* \ is escaped */
				if ((meta == 0) && (x == 92))
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\\\");
					continue;
				}
				
				/* [ and ] are escaped in ASL encoding */
				if ((str->encoding & ASL_ENCODE_ASL) && (meta == 0) && ((*p == 91) || (*p == 93)))
				{
					if (*p == '[') asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\[");
					else asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\\]");
					continue;
				}
				
				/* DEL is \^? */
				if (x == 127)
				{
					if (meta == 0)
					{
						asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '\\');
					}
					
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "^?");
					continue;
				}
				
				/* 33-126 are printable (add a '-' prefix for meta) */
				if ((x >= 33) && (x <= 126))
				{
					if (meta == 1)
					{
						asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '-');
					}
					
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, x);
					continue;
				}
				
				/* non-meta BEL, BS, HT, NL, VT, NP, CR (7-13) are \a, \b, \t, \n, \v, \f, and \r */
				if ((meta == 0) && (x >= 7) && (x <= 13))
				{
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '\\');
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, cvis_7_13[x - 7]);
					continue;
				}
				
				/* 0 - 31 are ^@ - ^_ (non-meta get a leading \) */
				if (x <= 31)
				{
					if (meta == 0)
					{
						asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '\\');
					}
					
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '^');
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, 64 + x);
					continue;
				}

				asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, x);
			}

			return str;
		}
		case ASL_ENCODE_XML:
		{
			for (p = app; *p != '\0'; p++)
			{
				x = *p;
				
				if (x == '&')
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "&amp;");
				}
				else if (x == '<')
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "&lt;");
				}
				else if (x == '>')
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "&gt;");
				}
				else if (x == '"')
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "&quot;");
				}
				else if (x == '\'')
				{
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "&apos;");
				}
				else if (iscntrl(x))
				{
					char tmp[8];
					snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "&#x%02hhx;", x);
					asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, tmp);
				}
				else
				{
					asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, x);
				}
			}
		}
		default:
		{
			return str;
		}
	}

	return str;
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append(asl_string_t *str, const char *app)
{
	return asl_string_append_internal(str, app, 0);
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_asl_key(asl_string_t *str, const char *app)
{
	return asl_string_append_internal(str, app, 1);
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_op(asl_string_t *str, uint32_t op)
{
	char opstr[8];
	uint32_t i;
	
	if (str == NULL) return NULL;
	
	if (op == ASL_QUERY_OP_NULL)
	{
		return asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '.');
	}
	
	i = 0;
	if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_CASEFOLD) opstr[i++] = 'C';
	
	if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_REGEX) opstr[i++] = 'R';
	
	if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_NUMERIC) opstr[i++] = 'N';
	
	if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_PREFIX)
	{
		if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_SUFFIX) opstr[i++] = 'S';
		else opstr[i++] = 'A';
	}
	if (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_SUFFIX) opstr[i++] = 'Z';
	
	switch (op & ASL_QUERY_OP_TRUE)
	{
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_EQUAL:
			opstr[i++] = '=';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_GREATER:
			opstr[i++] = '>';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_GREATER_EQUAL:
			opstr[i++] = '>';
			opstr[i++] = '=';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_LESS:
			opstr[i++] = '<';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_LESS_EQUAL:
			opstr[i++] = '<';
			opstr[i++] = '=';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_NOT_EQUAL:
			opstr[i++] = '!';
			break;
		case ASL_QUERY_OP_TRUE:
			opstr[i++] = 'T';
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
	
	if (i == 0)
	{
		return asl_string_append_char_no_encoding(str, '.');
	}
	
	opstr[i] = '\0';
	return asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, opstr);
}

asl_string_t *
asl_string_append_xml_tag(asl_string_t *str, const char *tag, const char *s)
{
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "\t\t<");
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, tag);
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, ">");
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, s);
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, "</");
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, tag);
	asl_string_append_no_encoding(str, ">\n");
	return str;
}