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<div id="header">
<h1>
git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-whatchanged -
   Show logs with difference each commit introduces
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
<em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
these commands.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
        output format that is useful only to tell the changed
        paths and their nature of changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-&lt;n&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
&lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
        exclusive, top inclusive).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-r
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
        not just the top level.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-m
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
        With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
        of its parents.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
<strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--format=&lt;format&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
        where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
        <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.  See
        the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
        format.  When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--abbrev-commit
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
        name, show only a partial prefix.  Non default number of
        digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
        diff output, if it is displayed).
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--oneline
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
        used together.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
        in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
        command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
        preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
        defaults to UTF-8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-notes
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
        commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
        for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when
        there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option is
        given on the command line.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional argument, add this ref to the list of notes.  The ref
is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it is not qualified.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--[no-]standard-notes
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Enable or disable populating the notes ref list from the
        <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or
        corresponding environment overrides).  Enabled by default.
        See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line.  This line begins with
"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
file.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
config option to either another format name, or a
<em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
built-in formats:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>oneline</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>short</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>medium</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;
Date:   &lt;author date&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>full</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;
Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>fuller</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author:     &lt;author&gt;
AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
Commit:     &lt;committer&gt;
CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>email</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
From: &lt;author&gt;
Date: &lt;author date&gt;
Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>raw</em>
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
simplification into account.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
would show something like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>%H</em>: commit hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%T</em>: tree hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%P</em>: parent hashes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%an</em>: author name
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ae</em>: author email
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cn</em>: committer name
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ce</em>: committer email
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cd</em>: committer date
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%e</em>: encoding
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%s</em>: subject
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%b</em>: body
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%N</em>: commit notes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Creset</em>: reset color
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%n</em>: newline
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
  <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will
insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
<tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>&#43;</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>tformat:</em>
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
For example:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE

$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted
as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it.  For example, these two are
equivalent:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
        any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
        The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
        <em>gitk</em>
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2011-04-19 22:26:58 UTC
</div>
</div>
</body>
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