package Template::Context;
use strict;
use warnings;
use base 'Template::Base';
use Template::Base;
use Template::Config;
use Template::Constants;
use Template::Exception;
use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
use constant DOCUMENT => 'Template::Document';
use constant EXCEPTION => 'Template::Exception';
use constant BADGER_EXCEPTION => 'Badger::Exception';
our $VERSION = 2.98;
our $DEBUG = 0 unless defined $DEBUG;
our $DEBUG_FORMAT = "\n## \$file line \$line : [% \$text %] ##\n";
our $VIEW_CLASS = 'Template::View';
our $AUTOLOAD;
sub template {
my ($self, $name) = @_;
my ($prefix, $blocks, $defblocks, $provider, $template, $error);
my ($shortname, $blockname, $providers);
$self->debug("template($name)") if $self->{ DEBUG };
return $name
if (blessed($name) && $name->isa(DOCUMENT))
|| ref($name) eq 'CODE';
$shortname = $name;
unless (ref $name) {
$self->debug("looking for block [$name]") if $self->{ DEBUG };
return $template
if ($template = $self->{ BLOCKS }->{ $name });
foreach $blocks (@{ $self->{ BLKSTACK } }) {
return $template
if $blocks && ($template = $blocks->{ $name });
}
if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
$prefix = $1 if $shortname =~ s/^(\w{2,})://o;
}
else {
$prefix = $1 if $shortname =~ s/^(\w+)://;
}
if (defined $prefix) {
$providers = $self->{ PREFIX_MAP }->{ $prefix }
|| return $self->throw( Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE,
"no providers for template prefix '$prefix'");
}
}
$providers = $self->{ PREFIX_MAP }->{ default }
|| $self->{ LOAD_TEMPLATES }
unless $providers;
$blockname = '';
while ($shortname) {
$self->debug("asking providers for [$shortname] [$blockname]")
if $self->{ DEBUG };
foreach my $provider (@$providers) {
($template, $error) = $provider->fetch($shortname, $prefix);
if ($error) {
if ($error == Template::Constants::STATUS_ERROR) {
if (blessed($template) && $template->isa(EXCEPTION)
&& $template->type eq Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE) {
$self->throw($template);
}
else {
$self->throw( Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE, $template );
}
}
}
elsif (length $blockname) {
return $template
if $template = $template->blocks->{ $blockname };
}
else {
return $template;
}
}
last if ref $shortname || ! $self->{ EXPOSE_BLOCKS };
$shortname =~ s{/([^/]+)$}{} || last;
$blockname = length $blockname ? "$1/$blockname" : $1;
}
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE, "$name: not found");
}
sub plugin {
my ($self, $name, $args) = @_;
my ($provider, $plugin, $error);
$self->debug("plugin($name, ", defined $args ? @$args : '[ ]', ')')
if $self->{ DEBUG };
foreach my $provider (@{ $self->{ LOAD_PLUGINS } }) {
($plugin, $error) = $provider->fetch($name, $args, $self);
return $plugin unless $error;
if ($error == Template::Constants::STATUS_ERROR) {
$self->throw($plugin) if ref $plugin;
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_PLUGIN, $plugin);
}
}
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_PLUGIN, "$name: plugin not found");
}
sub filter {
my ($self, $name, $args, $alias) = @_;
my ($provider, $filter, $error);
$self->debug("filter($name, ",
defined $args ? @$args : '[ ]',
defined $alias ? $alias : '<no alias>', ')')
if $self->{ DEBUG };
return $filter
if ! $args && ! ref $name
&& ($filter = $self->{ FILTER_CACHE }->{ $name });
foreach my $provider (@{ $self->{ LOAD_FILTERS } }) {
($filter, $error) = $provider->fetch($name, $args, $self);
last unless $error;
if ($error == Template::Constants::STATUS_ERROR) {
$self->throw($filter) if ref $filter;
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_FILTER, $filter);
}
}
return $self->error("$name: filter not found")
unless $filter;
$self->{ FILTER_CACHE }->{ $alias } = $filter
if $alias;
return $filter;
}
sub view {
my $self = shift;
require Template::View;
return $VIEW_CLASS->new($self, @_)
|| $self->throw(&Template::Constants::ERROR_VIEW,
$VIEW_CLASS->error);
}
sub process {
my ($self, $template, $params, $localize) = @_;
my ($trim, $blocks) = @$self{ qw( TRIM BLOCKS ) };
my (@compiled, $name, $compiled);
my ($stash, $component, $tblocks, $error, $tmpout);
my $output = '';
$template = [ $template ] unless ref $template eq 'ARRAY';
$self->debug("process([ ", join(', '), @$template, ' ], ',
defined $params ? $params : '<no params>', ', ',
$localize ? '<localized>' : '<unlocalized>', ')')
if $self->{ DEBUG };
foreach $name (@$template) {
push(@compiled, $self->template($name));
}
if ($localize) {
$stash = $self->{ STASH } = $self->{ STASH }->clone($params);
} else {
$self->{ STASH }->update($params);
$stash = $self->{ STASH };
}
eval {
eval { $component = $stash->get('component') };
foreach $name (@$template) {
$compiled = shift @compiled;
my $element = ref $compiled eq 'CODE'
? { (name => (ref $name ? '' : $name), modtime => time()) }
: $compiled;
if (blessed($component) && $component->isa(DOCUMENT)) {
$element->{ caller } = $component->{ name };
$element->{ callers } = $component->{ callers } || [];
push(@{$element->{ callers }}, $element->{ caller });
}
$stash->set('component', $element);
unless ($localize) {
@$blocks{ keys %$tblocks } = values %$tblocks
if (blessed($compiled) && $compiled->isa(DOCUMENT))
&& ($tblocks = $compiled->blocks);
}
if (ref $compiled eq 'CODE') {
$tmpout = &$compiled($self);
}
elsif (ref $compiled) {
$tmpout = $compiled->process($self);
}
else {
$self->throw('file',
"invalid template reference: $compiled");
}
if ($trim) {
for ($tmpout) {
s/^\s+//;
s/\s+$//;
}
}
$output .= $tmpout;
pop(@{$element->{ callers }})
if (blessed($component) && $component->isa(DOCUMENT));
}
$stash->set('component', $component);
};
$error = $@;
if ($localize) {
$self->{ STASH } = $self->{ STASH }->declone();
}
$self->throw(ref $error
? $error : (Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE, $error))
if $error;
return $output;
}
sub include {
my ($self, $template, $params) = @_;
return $self->process($template, $params, 'localize me!');
}
sub insert {
my ($self, $file) = @_;
my ($prefix, $providers, $text, $error);
my $output = '';
my $files = ref $file eq 'ARRAY' ? $file : [ $file ];
$self->debug("insert([ ", join(', '), @$files, " ])")
if $self->{ DEBUG };
FILE: foreach $file (@$files) {
my $name = $file;
if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
$prefix = $1 if $name =~ s/^(\w{2,})://o;
}
else {
$prefix = $1 if $name =~ s/^(\w+)://;
}
if (defined $prefix) {
$providers = $self->{ PREFIX_MAP }->{ $prefix }
|| return $self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE,
"no providers for file prefix '$prefix'");
}
else {
$providers = $self->{ PREFIX_MAP }->{ default }
|| $self->{ LOAD_TEMPLATES };
}
foreach my $provider (@$providers) {
($text, $error) = $provider->load($name, $prefix);
next FILE unless $error;
if ($error == Template::Constants::STATUS_ERROR) {
$self->throw($text) if ref $text;
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE, $text);
}
}
$self->throw(Template::Constants::ERROR_FILE, "$file: not found");
}
continue {
$output .= $text;
}
return $output;
}
sub throw {
my ($self, $error, $info, $output) = @_;
local $" = ', ';
# die! die! die!
if (blessed($error) && $error->isa(EXCEPTION)) {
die $error;
}
elsif (blessed($error) && $error->isa(BADGER_EXCEPTION)) {
# convert a Badger::Exception to a Template::Exception so that
# things continue to work during the transition to Badger
die EXCEPTION->new($error->type, $error->info);
}
elsif (defined $info) {
die (EXCEPTION->new($error, $info, $output));
}
else {
$error ||= '';
die (EXCEPTION->new('undef', $error, $output));
}
# not reached
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# catch($error, \$output)
#
# Called by various directives after catching an error thrown via die()
# from within an eval { } block. The first parameter contains the errror
# which may be a sanitized reference to a Template::Exception object
# (such as that raised by the throw() method above, a plugin object,
# and so on) or an error message thrown via die from somewhere in user
# code. The latter are coerced into 'undef' Template::Exception objects.
# Like throw() above, a reference to a scalar may be passed as an
# additional parameter to represent the current output buffer
# localised within the eval block. As exceptions are thrown upwards
# and outwards from nested blocks, the catch() method reconstructs the
# correct output buffer from these fragments, storing it in the
# exception object for passing further onwards and upwards.
#
# Returns a reference to a Template::Exception object..
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub catch {
my ($self, $error, $output) = @_;
if ( blessed($error)
&& ( $error->isa(EXCEPTION) || $error->isa(BADGER_EXCEPTION) ) ) {
$error->text($output) if $output;
return $error;
}
else {
return EXCEPTION->new('undef', $error, $output);
}
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# localise(\%params)
# delocalise()
#
# The localise() method creates a local copy of the current stash,
# allowing the existing state of variables to be saved and later
# restored via delocalise().
#
# A reference to a hash array may be passed containing local variable
# definitions which should be added to the cloned namespace. These
# values persist until delocalisation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub localise {
my $self = shift;
$self->{ STASH } = $self->{ STASH }->clone(@_);
}
sub delocalise {
my $self = shift;
$self->{ STASH } = $self->{ STASH }->declone();
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# visit($document, $blocks)
#
# Each Template::Document calls the visit() method on the context
# before processing itself. It passes a reference to the hash array
# of named BLOCKs defined within the document, allowing them to be
# added to the internal BLKSTACK list which is subsequently used by
# template() to resolve templates.
# from a provider.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub visit {
my ($self, $document, $blocks) = @_;
unshift(@{ $self->{ BLKSTACK } }, $blocks)
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# leave()
#
# The leave() method is called when the document has finished
# processing itself. This removes the entry from the BLKSTACK list
# that was added visit() above. For persistence of BLOCK definitions,
# the process() method (i.e. the PROCESS directive) does some extra
# magic to copy BLOCKs into a shared hash.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub leave {
my $self = shift;
shift(@{ $self->{ BLKSTACK } });
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# define_block($name, $block)
#
# Adds a new BLOCK definition to the local BLOCKS cache. $block may
# be specified as a reference to a sub-routine or Template::Document
# object or as text which is compiled into a template. Returns a true
# value (the $block reference or compiled block reference) if
# successful or undef on failure. Call error() to retrieve the
# relevent error message (i.e. compilation failure).
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub define_block {
my ($self, $name, $block) = @_;
$block = $self->template(\$block)
|| return undef
unless ref $block;
$self->{ BLOCKS }->{ $name } = $block;
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# define_filter($name, $filter, $is_dynamic)
#
# Adds a new FILTER definition to the local FILTER_CACHE.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub define_filter {
my ($self, $name, $filter, $is_dynamic) = @_;
my ($result, $error);
$filter = [ $filter, 1 ] if $is_dynamic;
foreach my $provider (@{ $self->{ LOAD_FILTERS } }) {
($result, $error) = $provider->store($name, $filter);
return 1 unless $error;
$self->throw(&Template::Constants::ERROR_FILTER, $result)
if $error == &Template::Constants::STATUS_ERROR;
}
$self->throw(&Template::Constants::ERROR_FILTER,
"FILTER providers declined to store filter $name");
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# define_vmethod($type, $name, \&sub)
#
# Passes $type, $name, and &sub on to stash->define_vmethod().
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub define_vmethod {
my $self = shift;
$self->stash->define_vmethod(@_);
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# define_view($name, $params)
#
# Defines a new view.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub define_view {
my ($self, $name, $params) = @_;
my $base;
if (defined $params->{ base }) {
my $base = $self->{ STASH }->get($params->{ base });
return $self->throw(
&Template::Constants::ERROR_VIEW,
"view base is not defined: $params->{ base }"
) unless $base;
return $self->throw(
&Template::Constants::ERROR_VIEW,
"view base is not a $VIEW_CLASS object: $params->{ base } => $base"
) unless blessed($base) && $base->isa($VIEW_CLASS);
$params->{ base } = $base;
}
my $view = $self->view($params);
$view->seal();
$self->{ STASH }->set($name, $view);
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# define_views($views)
#
# Defines multiple new views.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub define_views {
my ($self, $views) = @_;
# a list reference is better because the order is deterministic (and so
# allows an earlier VIEW to be the base for a later VIEW), but we'll
# accept a hash reference and assume that the user knows the order of
# processing is undefined
$views = [ %$views ]
if ref $views eq 'HASH';
# make of copy so we don't destroy the original list reference
my @items = @$views;
my ($name, $view);
while (@items) {
$self->define_view(splice(@items, 0, 2));
}
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# reset()
#
# Reset the state of the internal BLOCKS hash to clear any BLOCK
# definitions imported via the PROCESS directive. Any original
# BLOCKS definitions passed to the constructor will be restored.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub reset {
my ($self, $blocks) = @_;
$self->{ BLKSTACK } = [ ];
$self->{ BLOCKS } = { %{ $self->{ INIT_BLOCKS } } };
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# stash()
#
# Simple accessor methods to return the STASH values. This is likely
# to be called quite often so we provide a direct method rather than
# relying on the slower AUTOLOAD.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub stash {
return $_[0]->{ STASH };
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# debugging($command, @args, \%params)
#
# Method for controlling the debugging status of the context. The first
# argument can be 'on' or 'off' to enable/disable debugging, 'format'
# to define the format of the debug message, or 'msg' to generate a
# debugging message reporting the file, line, message text, etc.,
# according to the current debug format.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub debugging {
my $self = shift;
my $hash = ref $_[-1] eq 'HASH' ? pop : { };
my @args = @_;
if (@args) {
if ($args[0] =~ /^on|1$/i) {
$self->{ DEBUG_DIRS } = 1;
shift(@args);
}
elsif ($args[0] =~ /^off|0$/i) {
$self->{ DEBUG_DIRS } = 0;
shift(@args);
}
}
if (@args) {
if ($args[0] =~ /^msg$/i) {
return unless $self->{ DEBUG_DIRS };
my $format = $self->{ DEBUG_FORMAT };
$format = $DEBUG_FORMAT unless defined $format;
$format =~ s/\$(\w+)/$hash->{ $1 }/ge;
return $format;
}
elsif ($args[0] =~ /^format$/i) {
$self->{ DEBUG_FORMAT } = $args[1];
}
# else ignore
}
return '';
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOLOAD
#
# Provides pseudo-methods for read-only access to various internal
# members. For example, templates(), plugins(), filters(),
# eval_perl(), load_perl(), etc. These aren't called very often, or
# may never be called at all.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $self = shift;
my $method = $AUTOLOAD;
my $result;
$method =~ s/.*:://;
return if $method eq 'DESTROY';
warn "no such context method/member: $method\n"
unless defined ($result = $self->{ uc $method });
return $result;
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DESTROY
#
# Stash may contain references back to the Context via macro closures,
# etc. This breaks the circular references.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub DESTROY {
my $self = shift;
undef $self->{ STASH };
}
#========================================================================
# -- PRIVATE METHODS --
#========================================================================
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# _init(\%config)
#
# Initialisation method called by Template::Base::new()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub _init {
my ($self, $config) = @_;
my ($name, $item, $method, $block, $blocks);
my @itemlut = (
LOAD_TEMPLATES => 'provider',
LOAD_PLUGINS => 'plugins',
LOAD_FILTERS => 'filters'
);
# LOAD_TEMPLATE, LOAD_PLUGINS, LOAD_FILTERS - lists of providers
while (($name, $method) = splice(@itemlut, 0, 2)) {
$item = $config->{ $name }
|| Template::Config->$method($config)
|| return $self->error($Template::Config::ERROR);
$self->{ $name } = ref $item eq 'ARRAY' ? $item : [ $item ];
}
my $providers = $self->{ LOAD_TEMPLATES };
my $prefix_map = $self->{ PREFIX_MAP } = $config->{ PREFIX_MAP } || { };
while (my ($key, $val) = each %$prefix_map) {
$prefix_map->{ $key } = [ ref $val ? $val :
map { $providers->[$_] } split(/\D+/, $val) ]
unless ref $val eq 'ARRAY';
}
# STASH
$self->{ STASH } = $config->{ STASH } || do {
my $predefs = $config->{ VARIABLES }
|| $config->{ PRE_DEFINE }
|| { };
# hack to get stash to know about debug mode
$predefs->{ _DEBUG } = ( ($config->{ DEBUG } || 0)
& &Template::Constants::DEBUG_UNDEF ) ? 1 : 0
unless defined $predefs->{ _DEBUG };
$predefs->{ _STRICT } = $config->{ STRICT };
Template::Config->stash($predefs)
|| return $self->error($Template::Config::ERROR);
};
# compile any template BLOCKS specified as text
$blocks = $config->{ BLOCKS } || { };
$self->{ INIT_BLOCKS } = $self->{ BLOCKS } = {
map {
$block = $blocks->{ $_ };
$block = $self->template(\$block)
|| return undef
unless ref $block;
($_ => $block);
}
keys %$blocks
};
# define any VIEWS
$self->define_views( $config->{ VIEWS } )
if $config->{ VIEWS };
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# RECURSION - flag indicating is recursion into templates is supported
# EVAL_PERL - flag indicating if PERL blocks should be processed
# TRIM - flag to remove leading and trailing whitespace from output
# BLKSTACK - list of hashes of BLOCKs defined in current template(s)
# CONFIG - original configuration hash
# EXPOSE_BLOCKS - make blocks visible as pseudo-files
# DEBUG_FORMAT - format for generating template runtime debugging messages
# DEBUG - format for generating template runtime debugging messages
$self->{ RECURSION } = $config->{ RECURSION } || 0;
$self->{ EVAL_PERL } = $config->{ EVAL_PERL } || 0;
$self->{ TRIM } = $config->{ TRIM } || 0;
$self->{ BLKSTACK } = [ ];
$self->{ CONFIG } = $config;
$self->{ EXPOSE_BLOCKS } = defined $config->{ EXPOSE_BLOCKS }
? $config->{ EXPOSE_BLOCKS }
: 0;
$self->{ DEBUG_FORMAT } = $config->{ DEBUG_FORMAT };
$self->{ DEBUG_DIRS } = ($config->{ DEBUG } || 0)
& Template::Constants::DEBUG_DIRS;
$self->{ DEBUG } = defined $config->{ DEBUG }
? $config->{ DEBUG } & ( Template::Constants::DEBUG_CONTEXT
| Template::Constants::DEBUG_FLAGS )
: $DEBUG;
return $self;
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# _dump()
#
# Debug method which returns a string representing the internal state
# of the context object.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub _dump {
my $self = shift;
my $output = "[Template::Context] {\n";
my $format = " %-16s => %s\n";
my $key;
foreach $key (qw( RECURSION EVAL_PERL TRIM )) {
$output .= sprintf($format, $key, $self->{ $key });
}
foreach my $pname (qw( LOAD_TEMPLATES LOAD_PLUGINS LOAD_FILTERS )) {
my $provtext = "[\n";
foreach my $prov (@{ $self->{ $pname } }) {
$provtext .= $prov->_dump();
# $provtext .= ",\n";
}
$provtext =~ s/\n/\n /g;
$provtext =~ s/\s+$//;
$provtext .= ",\n ]";
$output .= sprintf($format, $pname, $provtext);
}
$output .= sprintf($format, STASH => $self->{ STASH }->_dump());
$output .= '}';
return $output;
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Template::Context - Runtime context in which templates are processed
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Template::Context;
# constructor
$context = Template::Context->new(\%config)
|| die $Template::Context::ERROR;
# fetch (load and compile) a template
$template = $context->template($template_name);
# fetch (load and instantiate) a plugin object
$plugin = $context->plugin($name, \@args);
# fetch (return or create) a filter subroutine
$filter = $context->filter($name, \@args, $alias);
# process/include a template, errors are thrown via die()
$output = $context->process($template, \%vars);
$output = $context->include($template, \%vars);
# raise an exception via die()
$context->throw($error_type, $error_message, \$output_buffer);
# catch an exception, clean it up and fix output buffer
$exception = $context->catch($exception, \$output_buffer);
# save/restore the stash to effect variable localisation
$new_stash = $context->localise(\%vars);
$old_stash = $context->delocalise();
# add new BLOCK or FILTER definitions
$context->define_block($name, $block);
$context->define_filter($name, \&filtersub, $is_dynamic);
# reset context, clearing any imported BLOCK definitions
$context->reset();
# methods for accessing internal items
$stash = $context->stash();
$tflag = $context->trim();
$epflag = $context->eval_perl();
$providers = $context->templates();
$providers = $context->plugins();
$providers = $context->filters();
...
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The C<Template::Context> module defines an object class for representing
a runtime context in which templates are processed. It provides an
interface to the fundamental operations of the Template Toolkit
processing engine through which compiled templates (i.e. Perl code
constructed from the template source) can process templates, load
plugins and filters, raise exceptions and so on.
A default C<Template::Context> object is created by the L<Template> module.
Any C<Template::Context> options may be passed to the L<Template>
L<new()|Template#new()> constructor method and will be forwarded to the
C<Template::Context> constructor.
use Template;
my $template = Template->new({
TRIM => 1,
EVAL_PERL => 1,
BLOCKS => {
header => 'This is the header',
footer => 'This is the footer',
},
});
Similarly, the C<Template::Context> constructor will forward all configuration
parameters onto other default objects (e.g. L<Template::Provider>,
L<Template::Plugins>, L<Template::Filters>, etc.) that it may need to
instantiate.
$context = Template::Context->new({
INCLUDE_PATH => '/home/abw/templates', # provider option
TAG_STYLE => 'html', # parser option
});
A C<Template::Context> object (or subclass) can be explicitly instantiated and
passed to the L<Template> L<new()|Template#new()> constructor method as the
C<CONTEXT> configuration item.
use Template;
use Template::Context;
my $context = Template::Context->new({ TRIM => 1 });
my $template = Template->new({ CONTEXT => $context });
The L<Template> module uses the L<Template::Config>
L<context()|Template::Config#context()> factory method to create a default
context object when required. The C<$Template::Config::CONTEXT> package
variable may be set to specify an alternate context module. This will be
loaded automatically and its L<new()> constructor method called by the
L<context()|Template::Config#context()> factory method when a default context
object is required.
use Template;
$Template::Config::CONTEXT = 'MyOrg::Template::Context';
my $template = Template->new({
EVAL_PERL => 1,
EXTRA_MAGIC => 'red hot', # your extra config items
...
});
=head1 METHODS
=head2 new(\%params)
The C<new()> constructor method is called to instantiate a
C<Template::Context> object. Configuration parameters may be specified as a
HASH reference or as a list of C<name =E<gt> value> pairs.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
INCLUDE_PATH => 'header',
POST_PROCESS => 'footer',
});
my $context = Template::Context->new( EVAL_PERL => 1 );
The C<new()> method returns a C<Template::Context> object or C<undef> on
error. In the latter case, a relevant error message can be retrieved by the
L<error()|Template::Base#error()> class method or directly from the
C<$Template::Context::ERROR> package variable.
my $context = Template::Context->new(\%config)
|| die Template::Context->error();
my $context = Template::Context->new(\%config)
|| die $Template::Context::ERROR;
The following configuration items may be specified. Please see
L<Template::Manual::Config> for further details.
=head3 VARIABLES
The L<VARIABLES|Template::Manual::Config#VARIABLES> option can be used to
specify a hash array of template variables.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
VARIABLES => {
title => 'A Demo Page',
author => 'Joe Random Hacker',
version => 3.14,
},
};
=head3 BLOCKS
The L<BLOCKS|Template::Manual::Config#BLOCKS> option can be used to pre-define
a default set of template blocks.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
BLOCKS => {
header => 'The Header. [% title %]',
footer => sub { return $some_output_text },
another => Template::Document->new({ ... }),
},
});
=head3 VIEWS
The L<VIEWS|Template::Manual::Config#VIEWS> option can be used to pre-define
one or more L<Template::View> objects.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
VIEWS => [
bottom => { prefix => 'bottom/' },
middle => { prefix => 'middle/', base => 'bottom' },
top => { prefix => 'top/', base => 'middle' },
],
});
=head3 TRIM
The L<TRIM|Template::Manual::Config#TRIM> option can be set to have any
leading and trailing whitespace automatically removed from the output of all
template files and C<BLOCK>s.
example:
[% BLOCK foo %]
Line 1 of foo
[% END %]
before
[% INCLUDE foo %]
after
output:
before
Line 1 of foo
after
=head3 EVAL_PERL
The L<EVAL_PERL|Template::Manual::Config#EVAL_PERL> is used to indicate if
C<PERL> and/or C<RAWPERL> blocks should be evaluated. It is disabled by
default.
=head3 RECURSION
The L<RECURSION|Template::Manual::Config#RECURSION> can be set to
allow templates to recursively process themselves, either directly
(e.g. template C<foo> calls C<INCLUDE foo>) or indirectly (e.g.
C<foo> calls C<INCLUDE bar> which calls C<INCLUDE foo>).
=head3 LOAD_TEMPLATES
The L<LOAD_TEMPLATES|Template::Manual::Config#LOAD_TEMPLATES> option can be
used to provide a reference to a list of L<Template::Provider> objects or
sub-classes thereof which will take responsibility for loading and compiling
templates.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
LOAD_TEMPLATES => [
MyOrg::Template::Provider->new({ ... }),
Template::Provider->new({ ... }),
],
});
=head3 LOAD_PLUGINS
The L<LOAD_PLUGINS|Template::Manual::Config#LOAD_PLUGINS> options can be used
to specify a list of provider objects responsible for loading and
instantiating template plugin objects.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
LOAD_PLUGINS => [
MyOrg::Template::Plugins->new({ ... }),
Template::Plugins->new({ ... }),
],
});
=head3 LOAD_FILTERS
The L<LOAD_FILTERS|Template::Manual::Config#LOAD_FILTERS> option can be used
to specify a list of provider objects for returning and/or creating filter
subroutines.
my $context = Template::Context->new({
LOAD_FILTERS => [
MyTemplate::Filters->new(),
Template::Filters->new(),
],
});
=head3 STASH
The L<STASH|Template::Manual::Config#STASH> option can be used to
specify a L<Template::Stash> object or sub-class which will take
responsibility for managing template variables.
my $stash = MyOrg::Template::Stash->new({ ... });
my $context = Template::Context->new({
STASH => $stash,
});
=head3 DEBUG
The L<DEBUG|Template::Manual::Config#DEBUG> option can be used to enable
various debugging features of the L<Template::Context> module.
use Template::Constants qw( :debug );
my $template = Template->new({
DEBUG => DEBUG_CONTEXT | DEBUG_DIRS,
});
=head2 template($name)
Returns a compiled template by querying each of the L<LOAD_TEMPLATES> providers
(instances of L<Template::Provider>, or sub-class) in turn.
$template = $context->template('header');
On error, a L<Template::Exception> object of type 'C<file>' is thrown via
C<die()>. This can be caught by enclosing the call to C<template()> in an
C<eval> block and examining C<$@>.
eval { $template = $context->template('header') };
if ($@) {
print "failed to fetch template: $@\n";
}
=head2 plugin($name, \@args)
Instantiates a plugin object by querying each of the L<LOAD_PLUGINS>
providers. The default L<LOAD_PLUGINS> provider is a L<Template::Plugins>
object which attempts to load plugin modules, according the various
configuration items such as L<PLUGIN_BASE|Template::Plugins#PLUGIN_BASE>,
L<LOAD_PERL|Template::Plugins#LOAD_PERL>, etc., and then instantiate an object
via L<new()|Template::Plugin#new()>. A reference to a list of constructor
arguments may be passed as the second parameter. These are forwarded to the
plugin constructor.
Returns a reference to a plugin (which is generally an object, but
doesn't have to be). Errors are thrown as L<Template::Exception> objects
with the type set to 'C<plugin>'.
$plugin = $context->plugin('DBI', 'dbi:msql:mydbname');
=head2 filter($name, \@args, $alias)
Instantiates a filter subroutine by querying the L<LOAD_FILTERS> providers.
The default L<LOAD_FILTERS> provider is a L<Template::Filters> object.
Additional arguments may be passed by list reference along with an optional
alias under which the filter will be cached for subsequent use. The filter is
cached under its own C<$name> if C<$alias> is undefined. Subsequent calls to
C<filter($name)> will return the cached entry, if defined. Specifying arguments
bypasses the caching mechanism and always creates a new filter. Errors are
thrown as L<Template::Exception> objects with the type set to 'C<filter>'.
# static filter (no args)
$filter = $context->filter('html');
# dynamic filter (args) aliased to 'padright'
$filter = $context->filter('format', '%60s', 'padright');
# retrieve previous filter via 'padright' alias
$filter = $context->filter('padright');
=head2 process($template, \%vars)
Processes a template named or referenced by the first parameter and returns
the output generated. An optional reference to a hash array may be passed
as the second parameter, containing variable definitions which will be set
before the template is processed. The template is processed in the current
context, with no localisation of variables performed. Errors are thrown
as L<Template::Exception> objects via C<die()>.
$output = $context->process('header', { title => 'Hello World' });
=head2 include($template, \%vars)
Similar to L<process()>, but using localised variables. Changes made to
any variables will only persist until the C<include()> method completes.
$output = $context->include('header', { title => 'Hello World' });
=head2 insert($template)
This method returns the source content of a template file without performing
any evaluation. It is used to implement the C<INSERT> directive.
=head2 throw($error_type, $error_message, \$output)
Raises an exception in the form of a L<Template::Exception> object by calling
C<die()>. This method may be passed a reference to an existing
L<Template::Exception> object; a single value containing an error message
which is used to instantiate a L<Template::Exception> of type 'C<undef>'; or a
pair of values representing the exception C<type> and C<info> from which a
L<Template::Exception> object is instantiated. e.g.
$context->throw($exception);
$context->throw("I'm sorry Dave, I can't do that");
$context->throw('denied', "I'm sorry Dave, I can't do that");
The optional third parameter may be a reference to the current output
buffer. This is then stored in the exception object when created,
allowing the catcher to examine and use the output up to the point at
which the exception was raised.
$output .= 'blah blah blah';
$output .= 'more rhubarb';
$context->throw('yack', 'Too much yacking', \$output);
=head2 catch($exception, \$output)
Catches an exception thrown, either as a reference to a L<Template::Exception>
object or some other value. In the latter case, the error string is promoted
to a L<Template::Exception> object of 'C<undef>' type. This method also
accepts a reference to the current output buffer which is passed to the
L<Template::Exception> constructor, or is appended to the output buffer stored
in an existing L<Template::Exception> object, if unique (i.e. not the same
reference). By this process, the correct state of the output buffer can be
reconstructed for simple or nested throws.
=head2 define_block($name, $block)
Adds a new block definition to the internal L<BLOCKS> cache. The first
argument should contain the name of the block and the second a reference
to a L<Template::Document> object or template sub-routine, or template text
which is automatically compiled into a template sub-routine.
Returns a true value (the sub-routine or L<Template::Document> reference) on
success or undef on failure. The relevant error message can be retrieved by
calling the L<error()|Template::Base#error()> method.
=head2 define_filter($name, \&filter, $is_dynamic)
Adds a new filter definition by calling the
L<store()|Template::Filters#store()> method on each of the L<LOAD_FILTERS>
providers until accepted (in the usual case, this is accepted straight away by
the one and only L<Template::Filters> provider). The first argument should
contain the name of the filter and the second a reference to a filter
subroutine. The optional third argument can be set to any true value to
indicate that the subroutine is a dynamic filter factory.
Returns a true value or throws a 'C<filter>' exception on error.
=head2 define_vmethod($type, $name, $code)
This method is a wrapper around the L<Template::Stash>
L<define_vmethod()|Template::Stash#define_vmethod()> method. It can be used
to define new virtual methods.
# define a new scalar (item) virtual method
$context->define_vmethod(
item => ucfirst => sub {
my $text = shift;
return ucfirst $text;
}
)
=head2 define_view($name, \%params)
This method allows you to define a named L<view|Template::View>.
$context->define_view(
my_view => {
prefix => 'my_templates/'
}
);
The view is then accessible as a template variable.
[% my_view.print(some_data) %]
=head2 define_views($views)
This method allows you to define multiple named L<views|Template::View>.
A reference to a hash array or list reference should be passed as an argument.
$context->define_view({ # hash reference
my_view_one => {
prefix => 'my_templates_one/'
},
my_view_two => {
prefix => 'my_templates_two/'
}
});
If you're defining multiple views of which one or more are based on other
views in the same definition then you should pass them as a list reference.
This ensures that they get created in the right order (Perl does not preserve
the order of items defined in a hash reference so you can't guarantee that
your base class view will be defined before your subclass view).
$context->define_view([ # list referenence
my_view_one => {
prefix => 'my_templates_one/'
},
my_view_two => {
prefix => 'my_templates_two/' ,
base => 'my_view_one',
}
]);
The views are then accessible as template variables.
[% my_view_one.print(some_data) %]
[% my_view_two.print(some_data) %]
See also the L<VIEWS> option.
=head2 stash()
This method returns the L<Template::Stash> object used internally to manage
template variables.
=head2 localise(\%vars)
Clones the stash to create a context with localised variables. Returns a
reference to the newly cloned stash object which is also stored
internally.
$stash = $context->localise();
=head2 delocalise()
Restore the stash to its state prior to localisation.
$stash = $context->delocalise();
=head2 visit(\%blocks)
This method is called by L<Template::Document> objects immediately before
they process their content. It is called to register any local C<BLOCK>
definitions with the context object so that they may be subsequently
delivered on request.
=head2 leave()
Compliment to the L<visit()> method. Called by L<Template::Document> objects
immediately after they process their content.
=head2 view()
This method creates a L<Template::View> object bound to the context.
=head2 reset()
Clears the local L<BLOCKS> cache of any C<BLOCK> definitions. Any initial set of
L<BLOCKS> specified as a configuration item to the constructor will be reinstated.
=head2 debugging($flag, @args)
This method is used to control debugging output. It is used to implement
the L<DEBUG|Template::Manual::Directives#DEBUG> directive.
The first argument can be C<on> or C<off> to enable or disable debugging
respectively. The numerical values C<0> and C<1> can also be used if you
prefer.
$context->debugging('on');
Alternately, the first argument can be C<format> to define a new debug message
format. The second argument should be the format string which can contain
any of the C<$file>, C<$line> or C<$text> symbols to indicate where the
relevant values should be inserted.
# note single quotes to prevent interpolated of variables
$context->debugging( format => '## $file line $line: $text' );
The final use of this method is to generate debugging messages themselves.
The first argument should be C<msg>, followed by a reference to a hash array
of value to insert into the debugging format string.
$context->debugging(
msg => {
line => 20,
file => 'example.tt',
text => 'Trampoline! Trampoline!',
}
);
=head2 AUTOLOAD
An C<AUTOLOAD> method provides access to context configuration items.
$stash = $context->stash();
$tflag = $context->trim();
$epflag = $context->eval_perl();
...
=head1 AUTHOR
Andy Wardley E<lt>abw@wardley.orgE<gt> L<http://wardley.org/>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1996-2012 Andy Wardley. All Rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<Template>, L<Template::Document>, L<Template::Exception>,
L<Template::Filters>, L<Template::Plugins>, L<Template::Provider>,
L<Template::Service>, L<Template::Stash>
=cut
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