# # $Id: ReadKey.pm,v 2.23 2005/01/11 21:16:31 jonathan Exp $ # =head1 NAME Term::ReadKey - A perl module for simple terminal control =head1 SYNOPSIS use Term::ReadKey; ReadMode 4; # Turn off controls keys while (not defined ($key = ReadKey(-1))) { # No key yet } print "Get key $key\n"; ReadMode 0; # Reset tty mode before exiting =head1 DESCRIPTION Term::ReadKey is a compiled perl module dedicated to providing simple control over terminal driver modes (cbreak, raw, cooked, etc.,) support for non-blocking reads, if the architecture allows, and some generalized handy functions for working with terminals. One of the main goals is to have the functions as portable as possible, so you can just plug in "use Term::ReadKey" on any architecture and have a good likelyhood of it working. Version 2.30.01: Added handling of arrows, page up/down, home/end, insert/delete keys under Win32. These keys emit xterm-compatible sequences. Works with Term::ReadLine::Perl. =over 8 =item ReadMode MODE [, Filehandle] Takes an integer argument, which can currently be one of the following values: 0 Restore original settings. 1 Change to cooked mode. 2 Change to cooked mode with echo off. (Good for passwords) 3 Change to cbreak mode. 4 Change to raw mode. 5 Change to ultra-raw mode. (LF to CR/LF translation turned off) Or, you may use the synonyms: restore normal noecho cbreak raw ultra-raw These functions are automatically applied to the STDIN handle if no other handle is supplied. Modes 0 and 5 have some special properties worth mentioning: not only will mode 0 restore original settings, but it cause the next ReadMode call to save a new set of default settings. Mode 5 is similar to mode 4, except no CR/LF translation is performed, and if possible, parity will be disabled (only if not being used by the terminal, however. It is no different from mode 4 under Windows.) If you are executing another program that may be changing the terminal mode, you will either want to say ReadMode 1 system('someprogram'); ReadMode 1; which resets the settings after the program has run, or: $somemode=1; ReadMode 0; system('someprogram'); ReadMode 1; which records any changes the program may have made, before resetting the mode. =item ReadKey MODE [, Filehandle] Takes an integer argument, which can currently be one of the following values: 0 Perform a normal read using getc -1 Perform a non-blocked read >0 Perform a timed read (If the filehandle is not supplied, it will default to STDIN.) If there is nothing waiting in the buffer during a non-blocked read, then undef will be returned. Note that if the OS does not provide any known mechanism for non-blocking reads, then a C can die with a fatal error. This will hopefully not be common. If MODE is greater then zero, then ReadKey will use it as a timeout value in seconds (fractional seconds are allowed), and won't return C until that time expires. (Note, again, that some OS's may not support this timeout behaviour.) If MODE is less then zero, then this is treated as a timeout of zero, and thus will return immediately if no character is waiting. A MODE of zero, however, will act like a normal getc. There are currently some limitations with this call under Windows. It may be possible that non-blocking reads will fail when reading repeating keys from more then one console. =item ReadLine MODE [, Filehandle] Takes an integer argument, which can currently be one of the following values: 0 Perform a normal read using scalar() -1 Perform a non-blocked read >0 Perform a timed read If there is nothing waiting in the buffer during a non-blocked read, then undef will be returned. Note that if the OS does not provide any known mechanism for non-blocking reads, then a C can die with a fatal error. This will hopefully not be common. Note that a non-blocking test is only performed for the first character in the line, not the entire line. This call will probably B do what you assume, especially with ReadMode's higher then 1. For example, pressing Space and then Backspace would appear to leave you where you started, but any timeouts would now be suspended. This call is currently not available under Windows. =item GetTerminalSize [Filehandle] Returns either an empty array if this operation is unsupported, or a four element array containing: the width of the terminal in characters, the height of the terminal in character, the width in pixels, and the height in pixels. (The pixel size will only be valid in some environments.) Under Windows, this function must be called with an "output" filehandle, such as STDOUT, or a handle opened to CONOUT$. =item SetTerminalSize WIDTH,HEIGHT,XPIX,YPIX [, Filehandle] Return -1 on failure, 0 otherwise. Note that this terminal size is only for B value, and changing the size via this mechanism will B change the size of the screen. For example, XTerm uses a call like this when it resizes the screen. If any of the new measurements vary from the old, the OS will probably send a SIGWINCH signal to anything reading that tty or pty. This call does not work under Windows. =item GetSpeeds [, Filehandle] Returns either an empty array if the operation is unsupported, or a two value array containing the terminal in and out speeds, in B. E.g, an in speed of 9600 baud and an out speed of 4800 baud would be returned as (9600,4800). Note that currently the in and out speeds will always be identical in some OS's. No speeds are reported under Windows. =item GetControlChars [, Filehandle] Returns an array containing key/value pairs suitable for a hash. The pairs consist of a key, the name of the control character/signal, and the value of that character, as a single character. This call does nothing under Windows. Each key will be an entry from the following list: DISCARD DSUSPEND EOF EOL EOL2 ERASE ERASEWORD INTERRUPT KILL MIN QUIT QUOTENEXT REPRINT START STATUS STOP SUSPEND SWITCH TIME Thus, the following will always return the current interrupt character, regardless of platform. %keys = GetControlChars; $int = $keys{INTERRUPT}; =item SetControlChars [, Filehandle] Takes an array containing key/value pairs, as a hash will produce. The pairs should consist of a key that is the name of a legal control character/signal, and the value should be either a single character, or a number in the range 0-255. SetControlChars will die with a runtime error if an invalid character name is passed or there is an error changing the settings. The list of valid names is easily available via %cchars = GetControlChars(); @cnames = keys %cchars; This call does nothing under Windows. =back =head1 AUTHOR Kenneth Albanowski Currently maintained by Jonathan Stowe =cut package Term::ReadKey; $VERSION = '2.30.01'; require Exporter; require AutoLoader; require DynaLoader; use Carp; @ISA = qw(Exporter AutoLoader DynaLoader); # Items to export into callers namespace by default # (move infrequently used names to @EXPORT_OK below) @EXPORT = qw( ReadKey ReadMode ReadLine GetTerminalSize SetTerminalSize GetSpeed GetControlChars SetControlChars ); @EXPORT_OK = qw(); bootstrap Term::ReadKey; # Preloaded methods go here. Autoload methods go after __END__, and are # processed by the autosplit program. # Should we use LINES and COLUMNS to try and get the terminal size? # Change this to zero if you have systems where these are commonly # set to erroneous values. (But if either are nero zero, they won't be # used anyhow.) $UseEnv = 1; $CurrentMode = 0; %modes = ( original => 0, restore => 0, normal => 1, noecho => 2, cbreak => 3, raw => 4, 'ultra-raw' => 5 ); sub ReadMode { my ($mode) = $modes{ $_[0] }; my ($fh) = normalizehandle( ( @_ > 1 ? $_[1] : \*STDIN ) ); if ( defined($mode) ) { $CurrentMode = $mode } elsif ( $_[0] =~ /^\d/ ) { $CurrentMode = $_[0] } else { croak("Unknown terminal mode `$_[0]'"); } SetReadMode($CurrentMode, $fh); } sub normalizehandle { my ($file) = @_; # print "Handle = $file\n"; if ( ref($file) ) { return $file; } # Reference is fine # if($file =~ /^\*/) { return $file; } # Type glob is good if ( ref( \$file ) eq 'GLOB' ) { return $file; } # Glob is good # print "Caller = ",(caller(1))[0],"\n"; return \*{ ( ( caller(1) )[0] ) . "::$file" }; } sub GetTerminalSize { my ($file) = normalizehandle( ( @_ > 1 ? $_[1] : \*STDOUT ) ); my (@results) = (); my (@fail); if ( &termsizeoptions() & 1 ) # VIO { @results = GetTermSizeVIO($file); push( @fail, "VIOGetMode call" ); } elsif ( &termsizeoptions() & 2 ) # GWINSZ { @results = GetTermSizeGWINSZ($file); push( @fail, "TIOCGWINSZ ioctl" ); } elsif ( &termsizeoptions() & 4 ) # GSIZE { @results = GetTermSizeGSIZE($file); push( @fail, "TIOCGSIZE ioctl" ); } elsif ( &termsizeoptions() & 8 ) # WIN32 { @results = GetTermSizeWin32($file); push( @fail, "Win32 GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo call" ); } else { @results = (); } if ( @results < 4 and $UseEnv ) { my ($C) = defined( $ENV{COLUMNS} ) ? $ENV{COLUMNS} : 0; my ($L) = defined( $ENV{LINES} ) ? $ENV{LINES} : 0; if ( ( $C >= 2 ) and ( $L >= 2 ) ) { @results = ( $C + 0, $L + 0, 0, 0 ); } push( @fail, "COLUMNS and LINES environment variables" ); } if ( @results < 4 ) { my ($prog) = "resize"; # Workaround for Solaris path sillyness if ( -f "/usr/openwin/bin/resize" ) { $prog = "/usr/openwin/bin/resize"; } my ($resize) = scalar(`$prog 2>/dev/null`); if ( defined $resize and ( $resize =~ /COLUMNS\s*=\s*(\d+)/ or $resize =~ /setenv\s+COLUMNS\s+'?(\d+)/ ) ) { $results[0] = $1; if ( $resize =~ /LINES\s*=\s*(\d+)/ or $resize =~ /setenv\s+LINES\s+'?(\d+)/ ) { $results[1] = $1; @results[ 2, 3 ] = ( 0, 0 ); } else { @results = (); } } else { @results = (); } push( @fail, "resize program" ); } if ( @results < 4 ) { die "Unable to get Terminal Size." . join( "", map( " The $_ didn't work.", @fail ) ); } @results; } if ( &blockoptions() & 1 ) # Use nodelay { if ( &blockoptions() & 2 ) #poll { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if (defined $_[0] && $_[0] > 0) { if ($_[0]) { return undef if &pollfile($File,$_[0]) == 0; } } if (defined $_[0] && $_[0] < 0) { &setnodelay($File,1); } my ($value) = getc $File; if (defined $_[0] && $_[0] < 0) { &setnodelay($File,0); } $value; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if (defined $_[0] && $_[0] > 0) { if ($_[0]) { return undef if &pollfile($File,$_[0]) == 0; } } if (defined $_[0] && $_[0] < 0) { &setnodelay($File,1) }; my ($value) = scalar(<$File>); if ( defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0 ) { &setnodelay($File,0) }; $value; } DONE } elsif ( &blockoptions() & 4 ) #select { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]>0) { if($_[0]) {return undef if &selectfile($File,$_[0])==0} } if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,1);} my($value) = getc $File; if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,0);} $value; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]>0) { if($_[0]) {return undef if &selectfile($File,$_[0])==0} } if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,1)}; my($value)=scalar(<$File>); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,0)}; $value; } DONE } else { #nothing eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]>0) { # Nothing better seems to exist, so I just use time-of-day # to timeout the read. This isn't very exact, though. $starttime=time; $endtime=$starttime+$_[0]; &setnodelay($File,1); my($value)=undef; while(time<$endtime) { # This won't catch wraparound! $value = getc $File; last if defined($value); } &setnodelay($File,0); return $value; } if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,1);} my($value) = getc $File; if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,0);} $value; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]>0) { # Nothing better seems to exist, so I just use time-of-day # to timeout the read. This isn't very exact, though. $starttime=time; $endtime=$starttime+$_[0]; &setnodelay($File,1); my($value)=undef; while(time<$endtime) { # This won't catch wraparound! $value = scalar(<$File>); last if defined($value); } &setnodelay($File,0); return $value; } if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,1)}; my($value)=scalar(<$File>); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]<0) {&setnodelay($File,0)}; $value; } DONE } } elsif ( &blockoptions() & 2 ) # Use poll { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0] != 0) { return undef if &pollfile($File,$_[0]) == 0 } getc $File; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0]!=0) { return undef if &pollfile($File,$_[0]) == 0; } scalar(<$File>); } DONE } elsif ( &blockoptions() & 4 ) # Use select { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0] !=0 ) { return undef if &selectfile($File,$_[0])==0 } getc $File; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if(defined $_[0] && $_[0] != 0) { return undef if &selectfile($File,$_[0]) == 0; } scalar(<$File>); } DONE } elsif ( &blockoptions() & 8 ) # Use Win32 { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if ($_[0] || $CurrentMode >= 3) { Win32PeekChar($File, $_[0]); } else { getc $File; } #if ($_[0]!=0) {return undef if !Win32PeekChar($File, $_[0])}; #getc $File; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); #if ($_[0]!=0) {return undef if !Win32PeekChar($File, $_[0])}; #scalar(<$File>); if($_[0]) {croak("Non-blocking ReadLine is not supported on this architecture")} scalar(<$File>); } DONE } else { eval <<'DONE'; sub ReadKey { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if($_[0]) {croak("Non-blocking ReadKey is not supported on this architecture")} getc $File; } sub ReadLine { my($File) = normalizehandle((@_>1?$_[1]:\*STDIN)); if($_[0]) {croak("Non-blocking ReadLine is not supported on this architecture")} scalar(<$File>); } DONE } package Term::ReadKey; # return to package ReadKey so AutoSplit is happy 1; __END__;