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720 4336(is)N
807(embedded)X
1171(in)X
1266(the)X
1397(interface,)X
1732(preventing)X
2108(an)X
2217(applica-)X
720 4424(tion)N
902(from)X
1116(accessing)X
1482(multiple)X
1806(tables)X
2050(concurrently.)X
720 4512(Secondly,)N
1063(the)X
1186(routine)X
1438(to)X
1525(create)X
1743(a)X
1804(hash)X
1976(table)X
2157(requires)X
2440(a)X
720 4600(parameter)N
1066(which)X
1286(declares)X
1573(the)X
1694(size)X
1842(of)X
1932(the)X
2053(hash)X
2223(table.)X
2422(If)X
720 4688(this)N
856(size)X
1001(is)X
1074(set)X
1183(too)X
1305(low,)X
1465(performance)X
1892(degradation)X
2291(or)X
2378(the)X
720 4776(inability)N
1008(to)X
1092(add)X
1230(items)X
1425(to)X
1509(the)X
1628(table)X
1805(may)X
1964(result.)X
2223(In)X
2311(addi-)X
720 4864(tion,)N
2 f
910(hsearch)X
1 f
1210(requires)X
1515(that)X
1681(the)X
1825(application)X
2226(allocate)X
720 4952(memory)N
1037(for)X
1181(the)X
1329(key)X
1495(and)X
1661(data)X
1845(items.)X
2108(Lastly,)X
2378(the)X
2 f
720 5040(hsearch)N
1 f
1013(routines)X
1310(provide)X
1594(no)X
1713(interface)X
2034(to)X
2135(store)X
2329(hash)X
720 5128(tables)N
927(on)X
1027(disk.)X
16 s
720 5593 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
760 5648(1)N
1 f
9 s
5673(UNIX)Y
990(is)X
1056(a)X
1106(registered)X
1408(trademark)X
1718(of)X
1796(AT&T.)X
10 s
2878 2128(The)N
3032(goal)X
3199(of)X
3295(our)X
3431(work)X
3625(was)X
3779(to)X
3870(design)X
4108(and)X
4253(imple-)X
2706 2216(ment)N
2900(a)X
2970(new)X
3138(package)X
3436(that)X
3590(provides)X
3899(a)X
3968(superset)X
4264(of)X
4364(the)X
2706 2304(functionality)N
3144(of)X
3240(both)X
2 f
3411(dbm)X
1 f
3578(and)X
2 f
3723(hsearch)X
1 f
3977(.)X
4045(The)X
4198(package)X
2706 2392(had)N
2871(to)X
2982(overcome)X
3348(the)X
3495(interface)X
3826(shortcomings)X
4306(cited)X
2706 2480(above)N
2930(and)X
3078(its)X
3185(implementation)X
3719(had)X
3867(to)X
3961(provide)X
4238(perfor-)X
2706 2568(mance)N
2942(equal)X
3142(or)X
3235(superior)X
3524(to)X
3612(that)X
3758(of)X
3851(the)X
3975(existing)X
4253(imple-)X
2706 2656(mentations.)N
3152(In)X
3274(order)X
3498(to)X
3614(provide)X
3913(a)X
4003(compact)X
4329(disk)X
2706 2744(representation,)N
3224(graceful)X
3531(table)X
3729(growth,)X
4018(and)X
4176(expected)X
2706 2832(constant)N
3033(time)X
3234(performance,)X
3720(we)X
3873(selected)X
4191(Litwin's)X
2706 2920(linear)N
2923(hashing)X
3206(algorithm)X
3551([LAR88,)X
3872(LIT80].)X
4178(We)X
4324(then)X
2706 3008(enhanced)N
3037(the)X
3161(algorithm)X
3498(to)X
3586(handle)X
3826(page)X
4004(over\257ows)X
4346(and)X
2706 3096(large)N
2900(key)X
3049(handling)X
3362(with)X
3537(a)X
3606(single)X
3830(mechanism,)X
4248(named)X
2706 3184(buddy-in-waiting.)N
3 f
2975 3338(Existing)N
3274(UNIX)X
3499(Hashing)X
3802(Techniques)X
1 f
2878 3470(Over)N
3076(the)X
3210(last)X
3357(decade,)X
3637(several)X
3901(dynamic)X
4213(hashing)X
2706 3558(schemes)N
3000(have)X
3174(been)X
3348(developed)X
3700(for)X
3816(the)X
3936(UNIX)X
4159(timeshar-)X
2706 3646(ing)N
2856(system,)X
3146(starting)X
3433(with)X
3622(the)X
3767(inclusion)X
4107(of)X
2 f
4221(dbm)X
1 f
4359(,)X
4426(a)X
2706 3734(minimal)N
3008(database)X
3321(library)X
3571(written)X
3834(by)X
3950(Ken)X
4120(Thompson)X
2706 3822([THOM90],)N
3141(in)X
3248(the)X
3391(Seventh)X
3694(Edition)X
3974(UNIX)X
4220(system.)X
2706 3910(Since)N
2916(then,)X
3106(an)X
3214(extended)X
3536(version)X
3804(of)X
3903(the)X
4032(same)X
4228(library,)X
2 f
2706 3998(ndbm)N
1 f
2884(,)X
2933(and)X
3078(a)X
3142(public-domain)X
3637(clone)X
3839(of)X
3934(the)X
4060(latter,)X
2 f
4273(sdbm)X
1 f
4442(,)X
2706 4086(have)N
2902(been)X
3098(developed.)X
3491(Another)X
3797 0.1645(interface-compatible)AX
2706 4174(library)N
2 f
2950(gdbm)X
1 f
3128(,)X
3178(was)X
3333(recently)X
3622(made)X
3826(available)X
4145(as)X
4241(part)X
4395(of)X
2706 4262(the)N
2829(Free)X
2997(Software)X
3312(Foundation's)X
3759(\(FSF\))X
3970(software)X
4271(distri-)X
2706 4350(bution.)N
2878 4464(All)N
3017(of)X
3121(these)X
3323(implementations)X
3893(are)X
4029(based)X
4248(on)X
4364(the)X
2706 4552(idea)N
2871(of)X
2969(revealing)X
3299(just)X
3445(enough)X
3711(bits)X
3856(of)X
3953(a)X
4019(hash)X
4196(value)X
4400(to)X
2706 4640(locate)N
2920(a)X
2978(page)X
3151(in)X
3234(a)X
3291(single)X
3503(access.)X
3770(While)X
2 f
3987(dbm/ndbm)X
1 f
4346(and)X
2 f
2706 4728(sdbm)N
1 f
2908(map)X
3079(the)X
3210(hash)X
3390(value)X
3597(directly)X
3874(to)X
3968(a)X
4036(disk)X
4201(address,)X
2 f
2706 4816(gdbm)N
1 f
2921(uses)X
3096(the)X
3231(hash)X
3414(value)X
3624(to)X
3722(index)X
3936(into)X
4096(a)X
2 f
4168(directory)X
1 f
2706 4904([ENB88])N
3020(containing)X
3378(disk)X
3531(addresses.)X
2878 5018(The)N
2 f
3033(hsearch)X
1 f
3317(routines)X
3605(in)X
3697(System)X
3962(V)X
4049(are)X
4177(designed)X
2706 5106(to)N
2804(provide)X
3085(memory-resident)X
3669(hash)X
3852(tables.)X
4115(Since)X
4328(data)X
2706 5194(access)N
2948(does)X
3131(not)X
3269(require)X
3533(disk)X
3702(access,)X
3964(simple)X
4213(hashing)X
2706 5282(schemes)N
3010(which)X
3238(may)X
3408(require)X
3667(multiple)X
3964(probes)X
4209(into)X
4364(the)X
2706 5370(table)N
2889(are)X
3015(used.)X
3209(A)X
3294(more)X
3486(interesting)X
3851(version)X
4114(of)X
2 f
4208(hsearch)X
1 f
2706 5458(is)N
2784(a)X
2845(public)X
3070(domain)X
3335(library,)X
2 f
3594(dynahash)X
1 f
3901(,)X
3945(that)X
4089(implements)X
2706 5546(Larson's)N
3036(in-memory)X
3440(adaptation)X
3822([LAR88])X
4164(of)X
4279(linear)X
2706 5634(hashing)N
2975([LIT80].)X
3 f
720 5960(USENIX)N
9 f
1042(-)X
3 f
1106(Winter)X
1371('91)X
9 f
1498(-)X
3 f
1562(Dallas,)X
1815(TX)X
1 f
4424(1)X
2 p
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 1 f
3 f
432 258(A)N
510(New)X
682(Hashing)X
985(Package)X
1290(for)X
1413(UNIX)X
3663(Seltzer)X
3920(&)X
4007(Yigit)X
2 f
1074 538(dbm)N
1 f
1232(and)X
2 f
1368(ndbm)X
1 f
604 670(The)N
2 f
760(dbm)X
1 f
928(and)X
2 f
1074(ndbm)X
1 f
1282(library)X
1526(implementations)X
2089(are)X
432 758(based)N
667(on)X
799(the)X
949(same)X
1166(algorithm)X
1529(by)X
1661(Ken)X
1846(Thompson)X
432 846([THOM90,)N
824(TOR88,)X
1113(WAL84],)X
1452(but)X
1582(differ)X
1789(in)X
1879(their)X
2054(pro-)X
432 934(grammatic)N
801(interfaces.)X
1160(The)X
1311(latter)X
1502(is)X
1581(a)X
1643(modi\256ed)X
1952(version)X
432 1022(of)N
533(the)X
665(former)X
918(which)X
1148(adds)X
1328(support)X
1601(for)X
1728(multiple)X
2027(data-)X
432 1110(bases)N
634(to)X
724(be)X
828(open)X
1011(concurrently.)X
1484(The)X
1636(discussion)X
1996(of)X
2090(the)X
432 1198(algorithm)N
774(that)X
925(follows)X
1196(is)X
1280(applicable)X
1640(to)X
1732(both)X
2 f
1904(dbm)X
1 f
2072(and)X
2 f
432 1286(ndbm)N
1 f
610(.)X
604 1400(The)N
760(basic)X
956(structure)X
1268(of)X
2 f
1366(dbm)X
1 f
1535(calls)X
1712(for)X
1836(\256xed-sized)X
432 1488(disk)N
612(blocks)X
868(\(buckets\))X
1214(and)X
1377(an)X
2 f
1499(access)X
1 f
1755(function)X
2068(that)X
432 1576(maps)N
623(a)X
681(key)X
819(to)X
902(a)X
959(bucket.)X
1234(The)X
1380(interface)X
1683(routines)X
1962(use)X
2090(the)X
2 f
432 1664(access)N
1 f
673(function)X
970(to)X
1062(obtain)X
1292(the)X
1420(appropriate)X
1816(bucket)X
2060(in)X
2152(a)X
432 1752(single)N
643(disk)X
796(access.)X
604 1866(Within)N
869(the)X
2 f
1010(access)X
1 f
1263(function,)X
1593(a)X
1672(bit-randomizing)X
432 1954(hash)N
610(function)X
2 f
8 s
877 1929(2)N
1 f
10 s
940 1954(is)N
1024(used)X
1202(to)X
1294(convert)X
1565(a)X
1631(key)X
1777(into)X
1931(a)X
1997(32-bit)X
432 2042(hash)N
605(value.)X
825(Out)X
971(of)X
1064(these)X
1254(32)X
1359(bits,)X
1519(only)X
1686(as)X
1778(many)X
1981(bits)X
2121(as)X
432 2130(necessary)N
773(are)X
900(used)X
1075(to)X
1165(determine)X
1514(the)X
1639(particular)X
1974(bucket)X
432 2218(on)N
533(which)X
750(a)X
807(key)X
944(resides.)X
1228(An)X
1347(in-memory)X
1724(bitmap)X
1967(is)X
2041(used)X
432 2306(to)N
533(determine)X
893(how)X
1070(many)X
1287(bits)X
1441(are)X
1579(required.)X
1905(Each)X
2104(bit)X
432 2394(indicates)N
746(whether)X
1033(its)X
1136(associated)X
1494(bucket)X
1736(has)X
1871(been)X
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432 2482(yet)N
562(\(a)X
657(0)X
728(indicating)X
1079(that)X
1230(the)X
1359(bucket)X
1604(has)X
1742(not)X
1875(yet)X
2004(split\).)X
432 2570(The)N
590(use)X
730(of)X
830(the)X
961(hash)X
1141(function)X
1441(and)X
1590(the)X
1720(bitmap)X
1974(is)X
2059(best)X
432 2658(described)N
769(by)X
878(stepping)X
1177(through)X
1454(database)X
1759(creation)X
2046(with)X
432 2746(multiple)N
718(invocations)X
1107(of)X
1194(a)X
2 f
1250(store)X
1 f
1430(operation.)X
604 2860(Initially,)N
906(the)X
1033(hash)X
1209(table)X
1394(contains)X
1690(a)X
1755(single)X
1974(bucket)X
432 2948(\(bucket)N
711(0\),)X
836(the)X
972(bit)X
1094(map)X
1270(contains)X
1575(a)X
1649(single)X
1878(bit)X
2000(\(bit)X
2148(0)X
432 3036(corresponding)N
913(to)X
997(bucket)X
1233(0\),)X
1342(and)X
1480(0)X
1542(bits)X
1699(of)X
1788(a)X
1846(hash)X
2014(value)X
432 3124(are)N
560(examined)X
901(to)X
992(determine)X
1342(where)X
1568(a)X
1633(key)X
1778(is)X
1860(placed)X
2099(\(in)X
432 3212(bucket)N
670(0\).)X
801(When)X
1017(bucket)X
1255(0)X
1319(is)X
1396(full,)X
1551(its)X
1650(bit)X
1758(in)X
1844(the)X
1966(bitmap)X
432 3300(\(bit)N
564(0\))X
652(is)X
726(set,)X
856(and)X
993(its)X
1089(contents)X
1377(are)X
1497(split)X
1655(between)X
1943(buckets)X
432 3388(0)N
499(and)X
641(1,)X
727(by)X
833(considering)X
1233(the)X
1357(0)X
2 f
7 s
3356(th)Y
10 s
1 f
1480 3388(bit)N
1590(\(the)X
1741(lowest)X
1976(bit)X
2086(not)X
432 3476(previously)N
800(examined\))X
1169(of)X
1266(the)X
1393(hash)X
1569(value)X
1772(for)X
1895(each)X
2072(key)X
432 3564(within)N
668(the)X
798(bucket.)X
1064(Given)X
1292(a)X
1359(well-designed)X
1840(hash)X
2018(func-)X
432 3652(tion,)N
613(approximately)X
1112(half)X
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1376(the)X
1510(keys)X
1693(will)X
1853(have)X
2041(hash)X
432 3740(values)N
666(with)X
837(the)X
964(0)X
2 f
7 s
3708(th)Y
10 s
1 f
1090 3740(bit)N
1203(set.)X
1341(All)X
1471(such)X
1646(keys)X
1821(and)X
1965(associ-)X
432 3828(ated)N
586(data)X
740(are)X
859(moved)X
1097(to)X
1179(bucket)X
1413(1,)X
1493(and)X
1629(the)X
1747(rest)X
1883(remain)X
2126(in)X
432 3916(bucket)N
666(0.)X
604 4030(After)N
804(this)X
949(split,)X
1135(the)X
1262(\256le)X
1393(now)X
1560(contains)X
1856(two)X
2005(buck-)X
432 4118(ets,)N
562(and)X
699(the)X
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1349(three)X
1530(bits:)X
1687(the)X
1805(0)X
2 f
7 s
4086(th)Y
10 s
1 f
1922 4118(bit)N
2026(is)X
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432 4206(to)N
525(indicate)X
810(a)X
876(bucket)X
1120(0)X
1190(split)X
1357(when)X
1561(no)X
1671(bits)X
1816(of)X
1913(the)X
2041(hash)X
432 4294(value)N
648(are)X
789(considered,)X
1199(and)X
1357(two)X
1519(more)X
1726(unset)X
1937(bits)X
2094(for)X
432 4382(buckets)N
706(0)X
775(and)X
920(1.)X
1029(The)X
1183(placement)X
1542(of)X
1638(an)X
1742(incoming)X
2072(key)X
432 4470(now)N
604(requires)X
897(examination)X
1327(of)X
1428(the)X
1560(0)X
2 f
7 s
4438(th)Y
10 s
1 f
1691 4470(bit)N
1809(of)X
1910(the)X
2041(hash)X
432 4558(value,)N
667(and)X
824(the)X
963(key)X
1119(is)X
1212(placed)X
1462(either)X
1685(in)X
1787(bucket)X
2041(0)X
2121(or)X
432 4646(bucket)N
674(1.)X
782(If)X
864(either)X
1075(bucket)X
1317(0)X
1385(or)X
1480(bucket)X
1722(1)X
1790(\256lls)X
1937(up,)X
2064(it)X
2135(is)X
432 4734(split)N
598(as)X
693(before,)X
947(its)X
1050(bit)X
1162(is)X
1243(set)X
1360(in)X
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1576(bitmap,)X
1846(and)X
1990(a)X
2054(new)X
432 4822(set)N
541(of)X
628(unset)X
817(bits)X
952(are)X
1071(added)X
1283(to)X
1365(the)X
1483(bitmap.)X
604 4936(Each)N
791(time)X
959(we)X
1079(consider)X
1376(a)X
1437(new)X
1596(bit)X
1705(\(bit)X
1841(n\),)X
1953(we)X
2072(add)X
432 5024(2)N
2 f
7 s
4992(n)Y
9 f
509(+)X
1 f
540(1)X
10 s
595 5024(bits)N
737(to)X
826(the)X
951(bitmap)X
1199(and)X
1341(obtain)X
1567(2)X
2 f
7 s
4992(n)Y
9 f
1644(+)X
1 f
1675(1)X
10 s
1729 5024(more)N
1920(address-)X
432 5112(able)N
595(buckets)X
869(in)X
960(the)X
1087(\256le.)X
1258(As)X
1376(a)X
1441(result,)X
1668(the)X
1795(bitmap)X
2045(con-)X
432 5200(tains)N
618(the)X
751(previous)X
1062(2)X
2 f
7 s
5168(n)Y
9 f
1139(+)X
1 f
1170(1)X
2 f
10 s
9 f
5200(-)Y
1 f
1242(1)X
1317(bits)X
1467(\(1)X
2 f
9 f
1534(+)X
1 f
1578(2)X
2 f
9 f
(+)S
1 f
1662(4)X
2 f
9 f
(+)S
1 f
1746(...)X
2 f
9 f
(+)S
1 f
1850(2)X
2 f
7 s
5168(n)Y
10 s
1 f
1931 5200(\))N
1992(which)X
432 5288(trace)N
649(the)X
807(entire)X
2 f
1050(split)X
1247(history)X
1 f
1529(of)X
1656(the)X
1813(addressable)X
16 s
432 5433 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
472 5488(2)N
1 f
9 s
523 5513(This)N
670(bit-randomizing)X
1153(property)X
1416(is)X
1482(important)X
1780(to)X
1854(obtain)X
2052(radi-)X
432 5593(cally)N
599(different)X
874(hash)X
1033(values)X
1244(for)X
1355(nearly)X
1562(identical)X
1836(keys,)X
2012(which)X
432 5673(in)N
506(turn)X
640(avoids)X
846(clustering)X
1148(of)X
1226(such)X
1376(keys)X
1526(in)X
1600(a)X
1650(single)X
1840(bucket.)X
10 s
2418 538(buckets.)N
2590 652(Given)N
2809(a)X
2868(key)X
3007(and)X
3146(the)X
3267(bitmap)X
3512(created)X
3768(by)X
3871(this)X
4009(algo-)X
2418 740(rithm,)N
2638(we)X
2759(\256rst)X
2910(examine)X
3209(bit)X
3320(0)X
3386(of)X
3479(the)X
3603(bitmap)X
3851(\(the)X
4002(bit)X
4112(to)X
2418 828(consult)N
2673(when)X
2871(0)X
2934(bits)X
3072(of)X
3162(the)X
3283(hash)X
3453(value)X
3650(are)X
3772(being)X
3973(exam-)X
2418 916(ined\).)N
2631(If)X
2713(it)X
2785(is)X
2866(set)X
2982(\(indicating)X
3356(that)X
3503(the)X
3628(bucket)X
3869(split\),)X
4080(we)X
2418 1004(begin)N
2617(considering)X
3012(the)X
3131(bits)X
3267(of)X
3355(the)X
3473(32-bit)X
3684(hash)X
3851(value.)X
4085(As)X
2418 1092(bit)N
2525(n)X
2587(is)X
2662(revealed,)X
2977(a)X
3035(mask)X
3226(equal)X
3422(to)X
3506(2)X
2 f
7 s
1060(n)Y
9 f
3583(+)X
1 f
3614(1)X
2 f
10 s
9 f
1092(-)Y
1 f
3686(1)X
3748(will)X
3894(yield)X
4076(the)X
2418 1180(current)N
2675(bucket)X
2918(address.)X
3228(Adding)X
3496(2)X
2 f
7 s
1148(n)Y
9 f
3573(+)X
1 f
3604(1)X
2 f
10 s
9 f
1180(-)Y
1 f
3676(1)X
3744(to)X
3834(the)X
3960(bucket)X
2418 1268(address)N
2701(identi\256es)X
3035(which)X
3272(bit)X
3397(in)X
3500(the)X
3639(bitmap)X
3902(must)X
4098(be)X
2418 1356(checked.)N
2743(We)X
2876(continue)X
3173(revealing)X
3493(bits)X
3628(of)X
3715(the)X
3833(hash)X
4000(value)X
2418 1444(until)N
2591(all)X
2698(set)X
2814(bits)X
2955(in)X
3043(the)X
3167(bitmap)X
3415(are)X
3540(exhausted.)X
3907(The)X
4058(fol-)X
2418 1532(lowing)N
2682(algorithm,)X
3055(a)X
3133(simpli\256cation)X
3614(of)X
3723(the)X
3863(algorithm)X
2418 1620(due)N
2565(to)X
2658(Ken)X
2823(Thompson)X
3196([THOM90,)X
3590(TOR88],)X
3908(uses)X
4076(the)X
2418 1708(hash)N
2625(value)X
2839(and)X
2995(the)X
3133(bitmap)X
3395(to)X
3497(calculate)X
3823(the)X
3960(bucket)X
2418 1796(address)N
2679(as)X
2766(discussed)X
3093(above.)X
0(Courier)xf 0 f
1 f
0 f
8 s
2418 2095(hash)N
2608(=)X
2684 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
2418 2183(mask)N
2608(=)X
2684(0;)X
2418 2271(while)N
2646 -0.4018(\(isbitset\(\(hash)AX
3254(&)X
3330(mask\))X
3558(+)X
3634(mask\)\))X
2706 2359(mask)N
2896(=)X
2972(\(mask)X
3200(<<)X
3314(1\))X
3428(+)X
3504(1;)X
2418 2447(bucket)N
2684(=)X
2760(hash)X
2950(&)X
3026(mask;)X
2 f
10 s
3211 2812(sdbm)N
1 f
2590 2944(The)N
2 f
2738(sdbm)X
1 f
2930(library)X
3167(is)X
3243(a)X
3302(public-domain)X
3791(clone)X
3987(of)X
4076(the)X
2 f
2418 3032(ndbm)N
1 f
2638(library,)X
2914(developed)X
3286(by)X
3408(Ozan)X
3620(Yigit)X
3826(to)X
3929(provide)X
2 f
2418 3120(ndbm)N
1 f
2596('s)X
2692(functionality)X
3139(under)X
3359(some)X
3565(versions)X
3869(of)X
3973(UNIX)X
2418 3208(that)N
2559(exclude)X
2830(it)X
2894(for)X
3008(licensing)X
3317(reasons)X
3578([YIG89].)X
3895(The)X
4040(pro-)X
2418 3296(grammer)N
2735(interface,)X
3064(and)X
3207(the)X
3332(basic)X
3524(structure)X
3832(of)X
2 f
3926(sdbm)X
1 f
4121(is)X
2418 3384(identical)N
2733(to)X
2 f
2834(ndbm)X
1 f
3051(but)X
3192(internal)X
3476(details)X
3723(of)X
3828(the)X
2 f
3964(access)X
1 f
2418 3472(function,)N
2726(such)X
2894(as)X
2982(the)X
3101(calculation)X
3474(of)X
3561(the)X
3679(bucket)X
3913(address,)X
2418 3560(and)N
2563(the)X
2690(use)X
2825(of)X
2920(different)X
3225(hash)X
3400(functions)X
3726(make)X
3928(the)X
4054(two)X
2418 3648(incompatible)N
2856(at)X
2934(the)X
3052(database)X
3349(level.)X
2590 3762(The)N
2 f
2740(sdbm)X
1 f
2934(library)X
3173(is)X
3251(based)X
3458(on)X
3562(a)X
3622(simpli\256ed)X
3965(imple-)X
2418 3850(mentation)N
2778(of)X
2885(Larson's)X
3206(1978)X
2 f
3406(dynamic)X
3717(hashing)X
1 f
4009(algo-)X
2418 3938(rithm)N
2616(including)X
2943(the)X
2 f
3066(re\256nements)X
3461(and)X
3605(variations)X
1 f
3953(of)X
4044(sec-)X
2418 4026(tion)N
2562(5)X
2622([LAR78].)X
2956(Larson's)X
3257(original)X
3526(algorithm)X
3857(calls)X
4024(for)X
4138(a)X
2418 4114(forest)N
2635(of)X
2736(binary)X
2975(hash)X
3156(trees)X
3341(that)X
3494(are)X
3626(accessed)X
3941(by)X
4054(two)X
2418 4202(hash)N
2586(functions.)X
2925(The)X
3071(\256rst)X
3216(hash)X
3384(function)X
3672(selects)X
3907(a)X
3964(partic-)X
2418 4290(ular)N
2571(tree)X
2720(within)X
2952(the)X
3078(forest.)X
3309(The)X
3462(second)X
3713(hash)X
3887(function,)X
2418 4378(which)N
2659(is)X
2757(required)X
3070(to)X
3177(be)X
3297(a)X
3377(boolean)X
3675(pseudo-random)X
2418 4466(number)N
2687(generator)X
3015(that)X
3159(is)X
3236(seeded)X
3479(by)X
3583(the)X
3705(key,)X
3865(is)X
3942(used)X
4112(to)X
2418 4554(traverse)N
2733(the)X
2890(tree)X
3070(until)X
3275(internal)X
3579(\(split\))X
3829(nodes)X
4075(are)X
2418 4642(exhausted)N
2763(and)X
2903(an)X
3003(external)X
3286(\(non-split\))X
3648(node)X
3827(is)X
3903(reached.)X
2418 4730(The)N
2571(bucket)X
2813(addresses)X
3149(are)X
3276(stored)X
3500(directly)X
3772(in)X
3861(the)X
3986(exter-)X
2418 4818(nal)N
2536(nodes.)X
2590 4932(Larson's)N
2903(re\256nements)X
3309(are)X
3440(based)X
3655(on)X
3767(the)X
3897(observa-)X
2418 5020(tion)N
2570(that)X
2718(the)X
2844(nodes)X
3059(can)X
3199(be)X
3303(represented)X
3702(by)X
3809(a)X
3872(single)X
4090(bit)X
2418 5108(that)N
2569(is)X
2653(set)X
2773(for)X
2898(internal)X
3174(nodes)X
3392(and)X
3539(not)X
3672(set)X
3791(for)X
3915(external)X
2418 5196(nodes,)N
2652(resulting)X
2959(in)X
3048(a)X
3111(radix)X
3303(search)X
3536(trie.)X
3709(Figure)X
3944(1)X
4010(illus-)X
2418 5284(trates)N
2621(this.)X
2804(Nodes)X
3037(A)X
3123(and)X
3267(B)X
3348(are)X
3475(internal)X
3748(\(split\))X
3967(nodes,)X
2418 5372(thus)N
2573(having)X
2813(no)X
2915(bucket)X
3151(addresses)X
3480(associated)X
3831(with)X
3994(them.)X
2418 5460(Instead,)N
2693(the)X
2814(external)X
3096(nodes)X
3306(\(C,)X
3429(D,)X
3530(and)X
3669(E\))X
3768(each)X
3938(need)X
4112(to)X
2418 5548(refer)N
2594(to)X
2679(a)X
2738(bucket)X
2975(address.)X
3279(These)X
3494(bucket)X
3731(addresses)X
4062(can)X
2418 5636(be)N
2529(stored)X
2760(in)X
2857(the)X
2990(trie)X
3132(itself)X
3327(where)X
3559(the)X
3691(subtries)X
3974(would)X
3 f
432 5960(2)N
2970(USENIX)X
9 f
3292(-)X
3 f
3356(Winter)X
3621('91)X
9 f
3748(-)X
3 f
3812(Dallas,)X
4065(TX)X
3 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3 f
720 258(Seltzer)N
977(&)X
1064(Yigit)X
3278(A)X
3356(New)X
3528(Hashing)X
3831(Package)X
4136(for)X
4259(UNIX)X
1 f
720 538(live)N
862(if)X
933(they)X
1092(existed)X
1340([KNU68].)X
1709(For)X
1841(example,)X
2154(if)X
2224(nodes)X
2432(F)X
720 626(and)N
858(G)X
938(were)X
1117(the)X
1237(children)X
1522(of)X
1610(node)X
1787(C,)X
1881(the)X
2000(bucket)X
2235(address)X
720 714(L00)N
886(could)X
1101(reside)X
1330(in)X
1429(the)X
1563(bits)X
1714(that)X
1870(will)X
2030(eventually)X
2400(be)X
720 802(used)N
887(to)X
969(store)X
1145(nodes)X
1352(F)X
1416(and)X
1552(G)X
1630(and)X
1766(all)X
1866(their)X
2033(children.)X
10 f
720 890 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
3 f
1894 2247(L1)N
784 1925(A)N
1431(E)X
1106 2247(D)N
1428 1281(C)N
1109 1603(B)N
1884 1930(L01)N
1879 1286(L00)N
1221 1814(1)N
903 2131(1)N
1221 1402(0)N
903 1714(0)N
1 Dt
1397 1821 MXY
-8 -32 Dl
-5 19 Dl
-20 6 Dl
33 7 Dl
-187 -182 Dl
1397 1322 MXY
-33 7 Dl
20 6 Dl
5 19 Dl
8 -32 Dl
-187 182 Dl
1069 1639 MXY
-32 7 Dl
20 6 Dl
5 19 Dl
7 -32 Dl
-186 182 Dl
1374 1891 MXY
185 Dc
1779 2133 MXY
0 161 Dl
322 0 Dl
0 -161 Dl
-322 0 Dl
1811 MY
0 161 Dl
322 0 Dl
0 -161 Dl
-322 0 Dl
1166 MY
0 161 Dl
322 0 Dl
0 -161 Dl
-322 0 Dl
1052 2213 MXY
185 Dc
1569 MY
185 Dc
720 1881 MXY
185 Dc
1779 2213 MXY
-28 -17 Dl
10 17 Dl
-10 18 Dl
28 -18 Dl
-543 0 Dl
1769 1891 MXY
-28 -18 Dl
10 18 Dl
-10 18 Dl
28 -18 Dl
-201 0 Dl
1364 1247 MXY
185 Dc
1769 MX
-28 -18 Dl
10 18 Dl
-10 18 Dl
28 -18 Dl
-201 0 Dl
1064 2143 MXY
-7 -32 Dl
-5 19 Dl
-20 6 Dl
32 7 Dl
-181 -181 Dl
3 Dt
-1 Ds
8 s
720 2482(Figure)N
925(1:)X
1 f
1002(Radix)X
1179(search)X
1365(trie)X
1474(with)X
1612(internal)X
1831(nodes)X
2004(A)X
2074(and)X
2189(B,)X
2271(external)X
720 2570(nodes)N
891(C,)X
972(D,)X
1056(and)X
1170(E,)X
1247(and)X
1361(bucket)X
1553(addresses)X
1819(stored)X
1997(in)X
2069(the)X
2168(unused)X
2370(por-)X
720 2658(tion)N
836(of)X
905(the)X
999(trie.)X
10 s
10 f
720 2922 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
1 f
892 3124(Further)N
1153(simpli\256cations)X
1647(of)X
1738(the)X
1860(above)X
2076([YIG89])X
2377(are)X
720 3212(possible.)N
1038(Using)X
1265(a)X
1337(single)X
1564(radix)X
1765(trie)X
1908(to)X
2006(avoid)X
2219(the)X
2352(\256rst)X
720 3300(hash)N
904(function,)X
1227(replacing)X
1562(the)X
1696(pseudo-random)X
2231(number)X
720 3388(generator)N
1052(with)X
1222(a)X
1286(well)X
1452(designed,)X
1785(bit-randomizing)X
2329(hash)X
720 3476(function,)N
1053(and)X
1215(using)X
1434(the)X
1578(portion)X
1855(of)X
1967(the)X
2110(hash)X
2302(value)X
720 3564(exposed)N
1021(during)X
1268(the)X
1404(trie)X
1549(traversal)X
1864(as)X
1969(a)X
2042(direct)X
2262(bucket)X
720 3652(address)N
990(results)X
1228(in)X
1319(an)X
2 f
1424(access)X
1 f
1663(function)X
1959(that)X
2108(works)X
2333(very)X
720 3740(similar)N
974(to)X
1068(Thompson's)X
1499(algorithm)X
1841(above.)X
2084(The)X
2240(follow-)X
720 3828(ing)N
847(algorithm)X
1183(uses)X
1346(the)X
1469(hash)X
1641(value)X
1840(to)X
1927(traverse)X
2206(a)X
2266(linear-)X
720 3916(ized)N
874(radix)X
1059(trie)X
2 f
8 s
1166 3891(3)N
1 f
10 s
1218 3916(starting)N
1478(at)X
1556(the)X
1674(0)X
2 f
7 s
3884(th)Y
10 s
1 f
1791 3916(bit.)N
0 f
8 s
720 4215(tbit)N
910(=)X
986(0;)X
1296(/*)X
1410(radix)X
1638(trie)X
1828(index)X
2056(*/)X
720 4303(hbit)N
910(=)X
986(0;)X
1296(/*)X
1410(hash)X
1600(bit)X
1752(index)X
2056(*/)X
720 4391(mask)N
910(=)X
986(0;)X
720 4479(hash)N
910(=)X
986 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
720 4655(for)N
872(\(mask)X
1100(=)X
1176(0;)X
910 4743 -0.4018(isbitset\(tbit\);)AN
910 4831(mask)N
1100(=)X
1176(\(mask)X
1404(<<)X
1518(1\))X
1632(+)X
1708(1\))X
1008 4919(if)N
1122(\(hash)X
1350(&)X
1426(\(1)X
1540(<<)X
1654 -0.4219(hbit++\)\)\))AX
1160 5007(/*)N
1274(right)X
1502(son)X
1692(*/)X
1160 5095(tbit)N
1350(=)X
1426(2)X
1502(*)X
1578(tbit)X
1768(+)X
1844(2;)X
1008 5183(else)N
1 f
16 s
720 5353 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
760 5408(3)N
1 f
9 s
818 5433(A)N
896(linearized)X
1206(radix)X
1380(trie)X
1502(is)X
1576(merely)X
1802(an)X
1895(array)X
2068(representation)X
720 5513(of)N
800(the)X
908(radix)X
1076(search)X
1280(trie)X
1396(described)X
1692(above.)X
1920(The)X
2052(children)X
2308(of)X
2388(the)X
720 5593(node)N
885(with)X
1038(index)X
1223(i)X
1267(can)X
1391(be)X
1483(found)X
1675(at)X
1751(the)X
1863(nodes)X
2055(indexed)X
2307(2*i+1)X
720 5673(and)N
842(2*i+2.)X
0 f
8 s
3146 538(/*)N
3260(left)X
3450(son)X
3678(*/)X
3146 626(tbit)N
3336(=)X
3412(2)X
3488(*)X
3564(tbit)X
3754(+)X
3830(1;)X
2706 802(bucket)N
2972(=)X
3048(hash)X
3238(&)X
3314(mask;)X
2 f
10 s
3495 1167(gdbm)N
1 f
2878 1299(The)N
3027(gdbm)X
3233(\(GNU)X
3458(data)X
3616(base)X
3783(manager\))X
4111(library)X
4349(is)X
4426(a)X
2706 1387(UNIX)N
2933(database)X
3236(manager)X
3539(written)X
3792(by)X
3897(Philip)X
4112(A.)X
4215(Nelson,)X
2706 1475(and)N
2848(made)X
3048(available)X
3364(as)X
3457(a)X
3518(part)X
3668(of)X
3760(the)X
3883(FSF)X
4040(software)X
4342(dis-)X
2706 1563(tribution.)N
3052(The)X
3207(gdbm)X
3419(library)X
3663(provides)X
3969(the)X
4097(same)X
4292(func-)X
2706 1651(tionality)N
3028(of)X
3151(the)X
2 f
3304(dbm)X
1 f
3442(/)X
2 f
3464(ndbm)X
1 f
3697(libraries)X
4015([NEL90])X
4360(but)X
2706 1739(attempts)N
3018(to)X
3121(avoid)X
3340(some)X
3550(of)X
3658(their)X
3846(shortcomings.)X
4337(The)X
2706 1827(gdbm)N
2918(library)X
3162(allows)X
3401(for)X
3525(arbitrary-length)X
4059(data,)X
4242(and)X
4387(its)X
2706 1915(database)N
3027(is)X
3124(a)X
3203(singular,)X
3524(non-sparse)X
2 f
8 s
3872 1890(4)N
1 f
10 s
3947 1915(\256le.)N
4112(The)X
4280(gdbm)X
2706 2003(library)N
2947(also)X
3103(includes)X
2 f
3396(dbm)X
1 f
3560(and)X
2 f
3702(ndbm)X
1 f
3906(compatible)X
4288(inter-)X
2706 2091(faces.)N
2878 2205(The)N
3025(gdbm)X
3229(library)X
3465(is)X
3540(based)X
3745(on)X
2 f
3847(extensible)X
4189(hashing)X
1 f
4442(,)X
2706 2293(a)N
2766(dynamic)X
3066(hashing)X
3339(algorithm)X
3674(by)X
3778(Fagin)X
3984(et)X
4066(al)X
4148([FAG79].)X
2706 2381(This)N
2881(algorithm)X
3225(differs)X
3467(from)X
3655(the)X
3785(previously)X
4155(discussed)X
2706 2469(algorithms)N
3069(in)X
3152(that)X
3293(it)X
3358(uses)X
3517(a)X
2 f
3574(directory)X
1 f
3889(that)X
4030(is)X
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3744(radix)X
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2 f
2806(sdbm)X
1 f
2975(.)X
10 f
2706 2733 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
3 f
7 s
3572 3761(L1)N
1 Dt
3485 3738 MXY
-20 -13 Dl
7 13 Dl
-7 13 Dl
20 -13 Dl
-400 0 Dl
3180 3027 MXY
136 Dc
2706 3494 MXY
136 Dc
2950 3264 MXY
136 Dc
3738 MY
136 Dc
3485 2968 MXY
0 118 Dl
238 0 Dl
0 -118 Dl
-238 0 Dl
3442 MY
0 119 Dl
238 0 Dl
0 -119 Dl
-238 0 Dl
3679 MY
0 119 Dl
238 0 Dl
0 -119 Dl
-238 0 Dl
3187 3501 MXY
136 Dc
2963 3316 MXY
-24 5 Dl
15 4 Dl
4 15 Dl
5 -24 Dl
-137 134 Dl
3204 3083 MXY
-24 5 Dl
15 4 Dl
3 14 Dl
6 -23 Dl
-137 133 Dl
3204 3450 MXY
-6 -24 Dl
-3 14 Dl
-15 5 Dl
24 5 Dl
-137 -134 Dl
2842 3369(0)N
3075 3139(0)N
2842 3676(1)N
3075 3443(1)N
3562 3054(L00)N
3565 3528(L01)N
4197 2968 MXY
0 118 Dl
237 0 Dl
0 -118 Dl
-237 0 Dl
3205 MY
0 119 Dl
237 0 Dl
0 -119 Dl
-237 0 Dl
3561 MY
0 118 Dl
237 0 Dl
0 -118 Dl
-237 0 Dl
3960 2909 MXY
0 237 Dl
118 0 Dl
0 -237 Dl
-118 0 Dl
3146 MY
0 237 Dl
118 0 Dl
0 -237 Dl
-118 0 Dl
3383 MY
0 237 Dl
118 0 Dl
0 -237 Dl
-118 0 Dl
3620 MY
0 237 Dl
118 0 Dl
0 -237 Dl
-118 0 Dl
4197 3027 MXY
-21 -13 Dl
8 13 Dl
-8 13 Dl
21 -13 Dl
-119 0 Dl
4197 3264 MXY
-21 -13 Dl
8 13 Dl
-8 13 Dl
21 -13 Dl
-119 0 Dl
3501 MY
59 0 Dl
0 89 Dl
4078 3738 MXY
59 0 Dl
0 -88 Dl
4197 3590 MXY
-21 -13 Dl
8 13 Dl
-8 13 Dl
21 -13 Dl
-60 0 Dl
4197 3650 MXY
-21 -13 Dl
8 13 Dl
-8 13 Dl
21 -13 Dl
-60 0 Dl
3991 3050(00)N
3991 3287(01)N
3991 3524(10)N
3991 3761(11)N
4269 3050(L00)N
4269 3287(L01)N
4283 3643(L1)N
3485 3501 MXY
-20 -13 Dl
7 13 Dl
-7 13 Dl
20 -13 Dl
-155 0 Dl
3485 3027 MXY
-20 -13 Dl
7 13 Dl
-7 13 Dl
20 -13 Dl
-163 0 Dl
2967 3687 MXY
-5 -24 Dl
-4 14 Dl
-15 4 Dl
24 6 Dl
-141 -141 Dl
3 Dt
-1 Ds
8 s
2706 4033(Figure)N
2903(2:)X
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2972(A)X
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3359(trie)X
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10 s
10 f
2706 4209 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
1 f
2878 4411(In)N
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2 f
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3211(,)X
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2 f
7 s
4467(n)Y
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1 f
3749 4499(bucket)N
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3445(trie)X
3594(is)X
3689(a)X
3767(bucket)X
4023(address\).)X
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2935(the)X
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3483(32-bit)X
3696(hash)X
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2706 4763(and)N
2 f
2861(n)X
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2953(bits)X
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3618(address.)X
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4400(to)X
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3296(entries)X
3532(of)X
3620(this)X
3756(directory)X
4067(may)X
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2706 5027(the)N
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3026(bucket)X
3268(address)X
3537(as)X
3632(a)X
3696(result)X
3902(of)X
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2903(during)X
3145(bucket)X
3392(splitting.)X
3706(Figure)X
3948(2)X
4021(illustrates)X
4364(the)X
2706 5203(relationship)N
3126(between)X
3436(a)X
3513(typical)X
3772(\(skewed\))X
4108(search)X
4355(trie)X
2706 5291(and)N
2850(its)X
2953(directory)X
3271(representation.)X
3774(The)X
3927(formation)X
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2706 5379(directory)N
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3245(in)X
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3445(\256gure)X
3652(is)X
3725(as)X
3812(follows.)X
16 s
2706 5593 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
2746 5648(4)N
1 f
9 s
2796 5673(It)N
2858(does)X
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3118(contain)X
3348(holes.)X
3 f
10 s
720 5960(USENIX)N
9 f
1042(-)X
3 f
1106(Winter)X
1371('91)X
9 f
1498(-)X
3 f
1562(Dallas,)X
1815(TX)X
4424(3)X
4 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3 f
432 258(A)N
510(New)X
682(Hashing)X
985(Package)X
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1413(UNIX)X
3663(Seltzer)X
3920(&)X
4007(Yigit)X
1 f
604 538(Initially,)N
937(there)X
1158(is)X
1271(one)X
1446(slot)X
1620(in)X
1741(the)X
1898(directory)X
432 626(addressing)N
802(a)X
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1364(The)X
1515(depth)X
1719(of)X
1812(the)X
1936(trie)X
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432 714(and)N
577(0)X
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1910(to)X
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432 802(mine)N
624(in)X
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1192(to)X
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1488(a)X
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432 890(bucket)N
682(0.)X
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1024(this)X
1174(bucket)X
1423(is)X
1511(full,)X
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1787(contents)X
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432 978(divided)N
698(between)X
992(L0)X
1107(and)X
1249(L1)X
1363(as)X
1455(was)X
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1786(in)X
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1996(previ-)X
432 1066(ously)N
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1030(algorithms.)X
1471(After)X
1700(this)X
1874(split,)X
2090(the)X
432 1154(address)N
710(of)X
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1760(stored)X
1992(in)X
2090(the)X
432 1242(directory.)N
796(To)X
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1438(the)X
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432 1330(directory)N
752(is)X
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2 f
8 s
972 1305(5)N
1 f
10 s
1330(,)Y
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432 1418(depth)N
630(of)X
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432 1620(needs)N
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432 1708(belongs)N
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432 1796(\(L0)N
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432 1884(tory)N
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432 1972(third)N
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432 2060(the)N
567(non-splitting)X
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432 2148(directory)N
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432 2236(indexes)N
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432 2324(Figure)N
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432 2526(tion)N
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432 2614(bucket)N
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432 2702(tains)N
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432 2790(general,)N
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432 2878(number)N
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767(n)X
7 s
3070(b)Y
10 s
1 f
848 3054(\),)N
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432 3142(directory)N
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7 s
3106(n)Y
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1075(-)X
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1106(n)X
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7 s
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10 s
1181 3142(times.)N
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8 s
432 3881(hash)N
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1116(key,)X
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16 s
432 5033 MXY
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8 s
472 5088(5)N
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9 s
534 5113(This)N
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432 5353(whereas)N
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8 s
2994 538 -0.4219(directory)AN
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3169 1255(hsearch)N
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2590 1387(Since)N
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2 f
2418 1651(hsearch)N
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3616(de\256ning)X
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2418 3261(and)N
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2418 3349(hash)N
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2418 3437(of)N
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2418 4255(lengthening)N
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2418 4431(we)N
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2418 5513(options)N
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1827(hashing)X
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720 846([LAR88])N
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720 934(Intuitively,)N
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720 1022(grows)N
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720 1110(to)N
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720 1286(to)N
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720 1374(two)N
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720 1462(existed)N
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720 1664(the)N
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720 1752(imum)N
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1571(twice)X
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2149(split)X
2312(point)X
720 1840(\(0\).)N
863(When)X
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1157(is)X
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720 1928(the)N
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1612(are)X
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2057(between)X
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720 2016(current)N
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720 2104(number)N
1000(is)X
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1297(to)X
1394(1)X
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720 2192(imum)N
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1310(We)X
1442(can)X
1574(determine)X
1915(which)X
2131(keys)X
2298(move)X
720 2280(to)N
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2043 2280(bit)N
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720 2368(hash)N
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2306(After)X
720 2456(the)N
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720 2632(point)N
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720 2720(is)N
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946(to)X
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1586(the)X
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2374(\256le)X
720 2808(\(which)N
971(is)X
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1342(twice)X
1543(the)X
1668(old)X
1797(maximum)X
2148(split)X
2312(point)X
720 2896(plus)N
873(1\).)X
892 3010(To)N
1031(facilitate)X
1361(locating)X
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2027(maintain)X
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720 3098(masks.)N
989(The)X
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1569(equal)X
1771(to)X
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1987(maximum)X
2339(split)X
720 3186(bucket)N
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1247(high)X
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1710(equal)X
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2311(max-)X
720 3274(imum)N
931(split)X
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1372(To)X
1486(locate)X
1703(a)X
1764(speci\256c)X
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720 3362(pute)N
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1154(hash)X
1324(value)X
1520(using)X
1715(a)X
1773(bit-randomizing)X
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720 3450(rithm)N
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1118(as)X
1224(the)X
1361(one)X
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1862(in)X
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720 3538(hash)N
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1775(the)X
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720 3626(resulting)N
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1790(the)X
1913(maximum)X
2262(bucket)X
720 3714(in)N
823(the)X
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720 3802(point\),)N
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2007(the)X
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720 3890(In)N
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720 3978(number)N
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2093(below)X
2312(illus-)X
720 4066(trates)N
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0 f
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720 4365(h)N
796(=)X
872 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
720 4453(bucket)N
986(=)X
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1138(&)X
1214 -0.4167(high_mask;)AX
720 4541(if)N
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910(bucket)X
1176(>)X
1252 -0.4167(max_bucket)AX
1670(\))X
1008 4629(bucket)N
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1502 -0.4219(low_mask;)AX
720 4717 -0.4018(return\(bucket\);)AN
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892 5042(In)N
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1845(to)X
1961(split)X
2152(a)X
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2 f
720 5130(dynahash)N
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1 f
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1884(A)X
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2440(a)X
720 5218(\256ll)N
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1054(which)X
1279(is)X
1361(expressed)X
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2004(of)X
2099(the)X
2225(average)X
720 5306(number)N
990(of)X
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1511(bucket.)X
1789(Each)X
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2140(the)X
2262(table's)X
720 5394(total)N
885(number)X
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1243(keys)X
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1676(by)X
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1875(number)X
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2231(buckets)X
720 5482(exceeds)N
995(this)X
1130(\256ll)X
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1466(a)X
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1756(is)X
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2878 538(Since)N
3079(the)X
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3998(\()X
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2706 714(\()N
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2706 1440(linear)N
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2706 3050(table)N
2906(is)X
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2 f
3110(ffactor)X
1 f
3323(.)X
2 f
8 s
3113(6)Y
1 f
10 s
3417 3138(The)N
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2706 3314(\256ll)N
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2878 3428(Inserting)N
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3783(buckets)X
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2706 3516(precisely)N
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2 f
3911(dynahash)X
1 f
4218(.)X
4279(How-)X
2706 3604(ever,)N
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3094(buckets)X
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3502(now)X
3671(comprised)X
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2706 3780(keys)N
2873(and)X
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3 f
3318 3934(Over\257ow)N
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1 f
2878 4066(There)N
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4305(\256t)X
4400(in)X
2706 4154(its)N
2802(designated)X
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3529(the)X
3647(\256rst)X
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2706 4242(the)N
2833(key)X
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3706(the)X
3833(bucket)X
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2706 4330(second,)N
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3547(new)X
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3913(could)X
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2706 4418(over\257ow,)N
3068(but)X
3227(the)X
3382(bucket)X
3652(in)X
3770(question)X
4097(is)X
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4364(yet)X
2706 4506(scheduled)N
3049(to)X
3133(be)X
3230(split.)X
3428(In)X
3516(existing)X
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2706 4594(second)N
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3523(\(since)X
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2706 4770(Although)N
3036(large)X
3225(key/data)X
3525(pair)X
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3986(is)X
4066(dif\256cult)X
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2706 4858(expensive,)N
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3777(linear)X
3995(hashed)X
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2935(over\257ow)X
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4035(pairs)X
4220(that)X
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2955(over\257ow)X
3264(pages.)X
3511(Logically,)X
3862(we)X
3980(chain)X
4177(over\257ow)X
16 s
2706 5353 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
2746 5408(6)N
1 f
9 s
2801 5433(This)N
2952(is)X
3023(not)X
3138(strictly)X
3361(true.)X
3532(The)X
3667(\256le)X
3782(does)X
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2706 5513(keys)N
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3 f
10 s
720 5960(USENIX)N
9 f
1042(-)X
3 f
1106(Winter)X
1371('91)X
9 f
1498(-)X
3 f
1562(Dallas,)X
1815(TX)X
4424(5)X
6 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3 f
432 258(A)N
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682(Hashing)X
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1413(UNIX)X
3663(Seltzer)X
3920(&)X
4007(Yigit)X
1 f
432 538(pages)N
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1116(\(also)X
1296(called)X
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432 626(memory)N
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776(However,)X
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432 978(into)N
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648(disk)X
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861(to)X
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1268(both)X
1462(bucket)X
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432 1154(numbers)N
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1422(and)X
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820(over\257ow)X
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432 1532(separate)N
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880(for)X
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432 2702(reclaimed,)N
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8 s
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1724(1\)-1]:0\))X
432 4673(#DEFINE)N
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1534(\\)X
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1382 -0.4091(\(oaddr>>11\)\))AX
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10 s
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(*)S
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1 Dt
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3083 2275 MXY
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5 s
1 f
3523 2475(2/3)N
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3257(2/1)X
2859(1/2)X
2726(1/1)X
5 Dt
3814 1743 MXY
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3282 1743 MXY
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3017 1743 MXY
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2884 1743 MXY
0 133 Dl
1 Dt
3681 1743 MXY
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0 -133 Dl
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3548 MX
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3415 MX
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3017 MX
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2884 MX
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8 s
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2684 MX
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5 Dt
4146 2275 MXY
0 133 Dl
3216 2275 MXY
0 133 Dl
2684 2275 MXY
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2551 2275 MXY
0 133 Dl
1 f
3798 1963(3)N
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3001(1)X
2868(0)X
1 Dt
2751 1743 MXY
0 133 Dl
133 0 Dl
0 -133 Dl
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3548 2275 MXY
-15 -22 Dl
2 16 Dl
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26 -5 Dl
-282 -117 Dl
3432 2275 MXY
-10 -25 Dl
-2 16 Dl
-15 8 Dl
27 1 Dl
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3282 2275 MXY
12 -25 Dl
-14 10 Dl
-15 -6 Dl
17 21 Dl
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2884 2275 MXY
26 7 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
3 -16 Dl
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382 -117 Dl
2751 2275 MXY
25 9 Dl
-11 -12 Dl
5 -17 Dl
-19 20 Dl
515 -117 Dl
3 f
3070 2152(Over\257ow)N
3338(Pages)X
3482 2275 MXY
3482 2275 lineto
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3482 2408 lineto
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3349 MX
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3216 MX
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2817 MX
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2817 2275 lineto
closepath 3 2817 2275 2950 2408 Dp
2684 MX
2684 2275 lineto
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3615 MX
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2950 MX
0 133 Dl
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2551 MX
0 133 Dl
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3798 1726 MXY
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6 16 Dl
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25 -11 Dl
-599 -99 Dl
3266 1726 MXY
-1 -27 Dl
-7 15 Dl
-17 1 Dl
25 11 Dl
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3033 1726 MXY
27 1 Dl
-14 -8 Dl
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166 -99 Dl
2900 1726 MXY
27 7 Dl
-13 -11 Dl
3 -17 Dl
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299 -99 Dl
3058 1621(Split)N
3203(Points)X
2418 2275 MXY
0 133 Dl
133 0 Dl
0 -133 Dl
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3 Dt
-1 Ds
3137(Figure)Y
2619(3:)X
1 f
2691(Split)X
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3008(occur)X
3168(between)X
3399(generations)X
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3 f
432 5960(6)N
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7 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
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3 f
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1 f
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10 f
720 2412 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
1 Dt
2309 3177 MXY
24 15 Dl
-8 -15 Dl
8 -15 Dl
-24 15 Dl
52 0 Dl
789 3160 MXY
-35 0 Dl
0 -156 Dl
1607 0 Dl
0 173 Dl
789 3091 MXY
-24 -15 Dl
9 15 Dl
-9 15 Dl
24 -15 Dl
-69 0 Dl
2309 3125 MXY
104 0 Dl
0 -155 Dl
-1693 0 Dl
0 121 Dl
927 3160 MXY
24 15 Dl
-9 -15 Dl
9 -15 Dl
-24 15 Dl
553 0 Dl
1618 3177 MXY
8 27 Dl
4 -17 Dl
16 -6 Dl
-28 -4 Dl
138 121 Dl
1895 3315 MXY
28 3 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
1 -18 Dl
-14 24 Dl
276 -138 Dl
3108 MY
-28 -3 Dl
15 10 Dl
-1 17 Dl
14 -24 Dl
-276 138 Dl
1756 3229 MXY
-8 -27 Dl
-3 17 Dl
-16 6 Dl
27 4 Dl
-138 -121 Dl
1480 MX
-24 -15 Dl
9 15 Dl
-9 15 Dl
24 -15 Dl
-553 0 Dl
3 f
5 s
1083 3073(LRU)N
1178(chain)X
4 Ds
1402 3851 MXY
1402 3851 lineto
1471 3851 lineto
1471 3920 lineto
1402 3920 lineto
1402 3851 lineto
closepath 19 1402 3851 1471 3920 Dp
1445 3747(Over\257ow)N
1613(Address)X
1549 3609 MXY
0 69 Dl
1756 MX
-23 -15 Dl
8 15 Dl
-8 15 Dl
23 -15 Dl
-207 0 Dl
-1 Ds
3 Dt
1756 3419 MXY
-6 -28 Dl
-4 17 Dl
-17 5 Dl
27 6 Dl
-138 -138 Dl
2240 3471 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
1826 3609 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-16 -9 Dl
16 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
1549 MX
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
858 3471 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
2240 3056 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
1549 3056 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
858 3056 MXY
15 -24 Dl
-15 9 Dl
-15 -9 Dl
15 24 Dl
0 -138 Dl
1 Dt
2171 3471 MXY
2171 3471 lineto
2448 3471 lineto
2448 3609 lineto
2171 3609 lineto
2171 3471 lineto
closepath 19 2171 3471 2448 3609 Dp
1756 3609 MXY
1756 3609 lineto
2033 3609 lineto
2033 3747 lineto
1756 3747 lineto
1756 3609 lineto
closepath 3 1756 3609 2033 3747 Dp
1480 3471 MXY
1480 3471 lineto
1756 3471 lineto
1756 3609 lineto
1480 3609 lineto
1480 3471 lineto
closepath 19 1480 3471 1756 3609 Dp
789 MX
789 3471 lineto
1065 3471 lineto
1065 3609 lineto
789 3609 lineto
789 3471 lineto
closepath 19 789 3471 1065 3609 Dp
962 3903(Buffer)N
1083(Header)X
849 3851 MXY
849 3851 lineto
918 3851 lineto
918 3920 lineto
849 3920 lineto
849 3851 lineto
closepath 14 849 3851 918 3920 Dp
1756 3194 MXY
1756 3194 lineto
1895 3194 lineto
1895 3471 lineto
1756 3471 lineto
1756 3194 lineto
closepath 14 1756 3194 1895 3471 Dp
2171 3056 MXY
2171 3056 lineto
2309 3056 lineto
2309 3333 lineto
2171 3333 lineto
2171 3056 lineto
closepath 14 2171 3056 2309 3333 Dp
1480 MX
1480 3056 lineto
1618 3056 lineto
1618 3333 lineto
1480 3333 lineto
1480 3056 lineto
closepath 14 1480 3056 1618 3333 Dp
789 MX
789 3056 lineto
927 3056 lineto
927 3333 lineto
789 3333 lineto
789 3056 lineto
closepath 14 789 3056 927 3333 Dp
2780 MY
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
927 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
1065 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
1203 MX
0 138 Dl
139 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-139 0 Dl
1342 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
1480 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
1618 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
1756 MX
0 138 Dl
139 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-139 0 Dl
1895 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
2033 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
2171 MX
0 138 Dl
138 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-138 0 Dl
2309 MX
0 138 Dl
139 0 Dl
0 -138 Dl
-139 0 Dl
13 s
1048 2720(In)N
1173(Memory)X
1580(Bucket)X
1918(Array)X
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1558(B5)X
2223(B10)X
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5 s
1515 3903(Primay)N
1651(Buffer)X
4 Ds
1990 3851 MXY
1990 3851 lineto
2059 3851 lineto
2059 3920 lineto
1990 3920 lineto
1990 3851 lineto
closepath 3 1990 3851 2059 3920 Dp
2102 3903(Over\257ow)N
2270(Buffer)X
3 Dt
-1 Ds
8 s
720 4184(Figure)N
922(4:)X
1 f
996(Three)X
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10 f
720 4624 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
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1191 4954(Table)N
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2946(equation:)X
0 f
8 s
2706 1655(\(1\))N
2994 -0.3938(\(\(average_pair_length)AX
3830(+)X
3906(4\))X
4020(*)X
3032 1743(ffactor\))N
3374(>=)X
3488(bsize)X
1 f
10 s
2706 2042(For)N
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2706 3036(and)N
2849(then)X
3014(retrieving)X
3353(each)X
3528(key/data)X
3827(pair)X
3979(from)X
4162(the)X
4286(table.)X
2706 3124(Each)N
2898(of)X
2996(the)X
3125(graphs)X
3369(shows)X
3599(the)X
3727(timings)X
3996(resulting)X
4306(from)X
2706 3212(varying)N
2973(the)X
3093(pagesize)X
3392(from)X
3570(128)X
3712(bytes)X
3903(to)X
3986(1M)X
4118(and)X
4255(the)X
4374(\256ll)X
2706 3300(factor)N
2929(from)X
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3292(128.)X
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3631(each)X
3813(run,)X
3974(the)X
4106(buffer)X
4337(size)X
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3299(The)X
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3971(run)X
4120(on)X
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4360(HP)X
2706 3476(9000/370)N
3077(\(33.3)X
3312(Mhz)X
3527(MC68030\),)X
3966(with)X
4176(16M)X
4395(of)X
2706 3564(memory,)N
3042(64K)X
3228(physically)X
3605(addressed)X
3970(cache,)X
4222(and)X
4386(an)X
2706 3652(HP7959S)N
3055(disk)X
3231(drive,)X
3459(running)X
3751(4.3BSD-Reno)X
4244(single-)X
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2878 3854(Both)N
3066(system)X
3321(time)X
3496(\(Figure)X
3764(5a\))X
3899(and)X
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4320(time)X
2706 3942(\(Figure)N
2966(5b\))X
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3655(bucket)X
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4225(\256ll)X
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2706 4118(tor)N
2822(until)X
2995(equation)X
3298(1)X
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3445(satis\256ed.)X
3774(The)X
3925(user)X
4085(time)X
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3023(5c)X
3122(gives)X
3314(a)X
3373(more)X
3561(detailed)X
3838(picture)X
4083(of)X
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3330(The)X
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3778(bucket)X
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4056(1)X
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3607(However,)X
3946(when)X
4144(the)X
4265(buffer)X
2706 4558(pool)N
2884(size)X
3045(is)X
3134(\256xed,)X
3349(smaller)X
3620(pages)X
3838(imply)X
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4259(pages.)X
2706 4646(An)N
2830(increased)X
3160(number)X
3430(of)X
3522(pages)X
3730(means)X
3960(more)X
2 f
4150(malloc\(3\))X
1 f
2706 4734(calls)N
2879(and)X
3021(more)X
3212(overhead)X
3533(in)X
3621(the)X
3745(hash)X
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3085(manage)X
3355(the)X
3473(additional)X
3813(pages.)X
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2706 5024(page)N
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3268(and)X
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3654(factor)X
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4218(without)X
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3007(the)X
3126(\256nal)X
3289(table)X
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4214(\256le)X
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3620(the)X
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3065(However,)X
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3740(the)X
3865(\256le)X
3994(from)X
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3645(and)X
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3 f
720 5960(USENIX)N
9 f
1042(-)X
3 f
1106(Winter)X
1371('91)X
9 f
1498(-)X
3 f
1562(Dallas,)X
1815(TX)X
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8 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3 f
432 258(A)N
510(New)X
682(Hashing)X
985(Package)X
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1 f
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1172(from)X
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432 626(byte)N
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712(best)X
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1173(page)X
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1490(is)X
1563(approximately)X
2046(1K.)X
10 f
432 802 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
619 2380 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
629 2437 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
648 2504 MXY
-12 25 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -25 Dl
686 2515 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
762 2516 MXY
-12 24 Dl
25 0 Dl
-13 -24 Dl
916 2515 MXY
-13 24 Dl
25 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
1222 2516 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
1834 2515 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
1 Dt
619 2392 MXY
10 57 Dl
19 67 Dl
38 11 Dl
76 1 Dl
154 -1 Dl
306 1 Dl
612 -1 Dl
8 s
1 f
1628 2522(128)N
3 Dt
607 2245 MXY
24 Dc
617 2375 MXY
23 Dc
635 2442 MXY
24 Dc
674 2525 MXY
23 Dc
750 2529 MXY
24 Dc
904 2527 MXY
23 Dc
1210 MX
23 Dc
1822 2528 MXY
23 Dc
20 Ds
1 Dt
619 2245 MXY
10 130 Dl
19 67 Dl
38 83 Dl
76 4 Dl
154 -2 Dl
306 0 Dl
612 1 Dl
678 2482(256)N
-1 Ds
3 Dt
619 2127 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
629 2191 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
648 2334 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
686 2409 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -13 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
762 2516 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -12 Dl
13 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
916 2516 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
1222 2515 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
1834 2515 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
5 Dt
619 2139 MXY
10 65 Dl
19 142 Dl
38 75 Dl
76 108 Dl
154 -1 Dl
306 -1 Dl
612 0 Dl
694 2401(512)N
3 Dt
631 2064 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
641 2077 MXY
-24 25 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -13 Dl
24 25 Dl
660 2132 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
698 2292 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
775 2382 MXY
-25 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
25 24 Dl
928 2516 MXY
-25 24 Dl
13 -12 Dl
-13 -12 Dl
25 24 Dl
1234 2516 MXY
-24 25 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -13 Dl
24 25 Dl
1846 2516 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
16 Ds
1 Dt
619 2076 MXY
10 14 Dl
19 54 Dl
38 160 Dl
76 90 Dl
154 134 Dl
306 1 Dl
612 -1 Dl
694 2257(1024)N
-1 Ds
3 Dt
619 1877 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
629 1855 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
648 1838 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
686 1860 MXY
12 -25 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 25 Dl
762 1923 MXY
13 -24 Dl
-25 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
916 2087 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-25 0 Dl
13 24 Dl
1222 2256 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
1834 2541 MXY
12 -25 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 25 Dl
619 1865 MXY
10 -22 Dl
19 -17 Dl
38 21 Dl
76 64 Dl
154 164 Dl
306 169 Dl
612 285 Dl
1645 2427(4096)N
619 1243 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
629 1196 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
648 1146 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
686 1174 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -13 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
762 1249 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
13 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
916 1371 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
1222 1680 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
1834 1999 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
619 1255 MXY
10 -47 Dl
19 -50 Dl
38 28 Dl
76 75 Dl
154 122 Dl
306 309 Dl
612 319 Dl
1741 1934(8192)N
5 Dt
609 2531 MXY
1225 0 Dl
609 MX
0 -1553 Dl
2531 MY
0 16 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2531 MY
0 -1553 Dl
593 2625(0)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
916 2531 MXY
0 16 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2531 MY
0 -1553 Dl
884 2625(32)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
1222 2531 MXY
0 16 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2531 MY
0 -1553 Dl
1190 2625(64)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
1528 2531 MXY
0 16 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2531 MY
0 -1553 Dl
1496 2625(96)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
1834 2531 MXY
0 16 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2531 MY
0 -1553 Dl
1786 2625(128)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
609 2531 MXY
-16 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
609 MX
1225 0 Dl
545 2558(0)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
609 2013 MXY
-16 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
609 MX
1225 0 Dl
481 2040(100)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
609 1496 MXY
-16 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
609 MX
1225 0 Dl
481 1523(200)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
609 978 MXY
-16 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
609 MX
1225 0 Dl
481 1005(300)N
1088 2724(Fill)N
1194(Factor)X
422 1611(S)N
426 1667(e)N
426 1724(c)N
424 1780(o)N
424 1837(n)N
424 1893(d)N
428 1949(s)N
3 Dt
-1 Ds
3 f
432 2882(Figure)N
636(5a:)X
1 f
744(System)X
956(Time)X
1113(for)X
1209(dictionary)X
1490(data)X
1618(set)X
1711(with)X
1847(1M)X
1958(of)X
2033(buffer)X
432 2970(space)N
594(and)X
707(varying)X
923(bucket)X
1114(sizes)X
1259(and)X
1372(\256ll)X
1465(factors.)X
1675(Each)X
1823(line)X
1940(is)X
2004(labeled)X
432 3058(with)N
562(its)X
639(bucket)X
825(size.)X
10 s
10 f
432 3234 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
8 s
1 f
428 4381(s)N
424 4325(d)N
424 4269(n)N
424 4212(o)N
426 4156(c)N
426 4099(e)N
422 4043(S)N
1116 5156(Fill)N
1222(Factor)X
506 3437(3200)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 3410 MXY
1168 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
666 MX
-16 0 Dl
506 3825(2400)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 3799 MXY
1168 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
666 MX
-16 0 Dl
506 4214(1600)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 4186 MXY
1168 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
666 MX
-16 0 Dl
538 4602(800)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 4575 MXY
1168 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
666 MX
-16 0 Dl
602 4990(0)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 4963 MXY
1168 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
666 MX
-16 0 Dl
1786 5057(128)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
1834 4963 MXY
0 -1553 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4963 MY
0 16 Dl
1510 5057(96)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
1542 4963 MXY
0 -1553 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4963 MY
0 16 Dl
1218 5057(64)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
1250 4963 MXY
0 -1553 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4963 MY
0 16 Dl
926 5057(32)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
958 4963 MXY
0 -1553 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4963 MY
0 16 Dl
650 5057(0)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
666 4963 MXY
0 -1553 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4963 MY
0 16 Dl
4963 MY
0 -1553 Dl
4963 MY
1168 0 Dl
1741 4752(8192)N
3 Dt
675 3732 MXY
9 -172 Dl
18 -118 Dl
37 128 Dl
73 -121 Dl
146 623 Dl
292 497 Dl
584 245 Dl
4802 MY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
1250 4557 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -13 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
958 4060 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
812 3437 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
739 3558 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
702 3430 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -13 Dl
13 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
684 3548 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
675 3720 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
1637 4912(4096)N
675 4307 MXY
9 -58 Dl
18 30 Dl
37 89 Dl
73 144 Dl
146 235 Dl
292 122 Dl
584 89 Dl
4970 MY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
1250 4881 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
958 4759 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
812 4524 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
739 4380 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
702 4291 MXY
13 -24 Dl
-25 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
684 4261 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
675 4319 MXY
12 -24 Dl
-24 0 Dl
12 24 Dl
734 4662(1024)N
16 Ds
1 Dt
675 4352 MXY
9 60 Dl
18 134 Dl
37 266 Dl
73 117 Dl
146 30 Dl
292 0 Dl
584 -1 Dl
-1 Ds
3 Dt
1846 4946 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
1262 4946 MXY
-24 25 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -13 Dl
24 25 Dl
970 4947 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
824 4917 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
751 4800 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
715 4534 MXY
-25 25 Dl
12 -13 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
25 25 Dl
696 4400 MXY
-24 24 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -12 Dl
24 24 Dl
687 4339 MXY
-24 25 Dl
12 -12 Dl
-12 -13 Dl
24 25 Dl
718 4792(512)N
5 Dt
675 4422 MXY
9 137 Dl
18 278 Dl
37 105 Dl
73 18 Dl
146 -1 Dl
292 0 Dl
584 -1 Dl
3 Dt
4946 MY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
1250 4946 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
958 4947 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
812 4948 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
739 4930 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
702 4824 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -12 Dl
13 0 Dl
-25 0 Dl
684 4547 MXY
0 24 Dl
0 -12 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
675 4410 MXY
0 25 Dl
0 -13 Dl
12 0 Dl
-24 0 Dl
750 4921(256)N
20 Ds
1 Dt
675 4597 MXY
9 246 Dl
18 106 Dl
37 10 Dl
73 0 Dl
146 0 Dl
292 0 Dl
584 -1 Dl
-1 Ds
3 Dt
1822 MX
23 Dc
1238 4959 MXY
23 Dc
946 MX
23 Dc
800 MX
23 Dc
727 MX
23 Dc
691 4949 MXY
23 Dc
672 4843 MXY
24 Dc
663 4597 MXY
24 Dc
1395 4961(128)N
1 Dt
675 4855 MXY
9 93 Dl
18 10 Dl
37 1 Dl
73 0 Dl
146 -1 Dl
292 0 Dl
584 0 Dl
3 Dt
4946 MY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
1250 MX
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
958 MX
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
812 MX
-12 25 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -25 Dl
739 4947 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
702 4946 MXY
-12 24 Dl
25 0 Dl
-13 -24 Dl
684 4936 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
675 4843 MXY
-12 24 Dl
24 0 Dl
-12 -24 Dl
3 Dt
-1 Ds
3 f
432 5314(Figure)N
634(5b:)X
1 f
744(Elapsed)X
967(Time)X
1123(for)X
1218(dictionary)X
1498(data)X
1625(set)X
1717(with)X
1851(1M)X
1960(of)X
2033(buffer)X
432 5402(space)N
593(and)X
705(varying)X
920(bucket)X
1110(sizes)X
1254(and)X
1366(\256ll)X
1457(factors.)X
1681(Each)X
1827(line)X
1942(is)X
2004(labeled)X
432 5490(with)N
562(its)X
639(bucket)X
825(size.)X
10 s
2590 538(If)N
2677(an)X
2785(approximation)X
3284(of)X
3383(the)X
3513(number)X
3790(of)X
3889(elements)X
2418 626(ultimately)N
2773(to)X
2866(be)X
2973(stored)X
3200(in)X
3293(the)X
3422(hash)X
3599(table)X
3785(is)X
3868(known)X
4116(at)X
2418 714(the)N
2564(time)X
2754(of)X
2869(creation,)X
3196(the)X
3342(hash)X
3536(package)X
3847(takes)X
4059(this)X
2418 802(number)N
2688(as)X
2779(a)X
2839(parameter)X
3185(and)X
3325(uses)X
3487(it)X
3555(to)X
3641(hash)X
3812(entries)X
4050(into)X
2418 890(the)N
2541(full)X
2677(sized)X
2867(table)X
3048(rather)X
3261(than)X
3424(growing)X
3716(the)X
3838(table)X
4018(from)X
2418 978(a)N
2477(single)X
2691(bucket.)X
2968(If)X
3044(this)X
3181(number)X
3448(is)X
3523(not)X
3647(known,)X
3907(the)X
4027(hash)X
2418 1066(table)N
2632(starts)X
2859(with)X
3059(a)X
3153(single)X
3402(bucket)X
3674(and)X
3848(gracefully)X
2418 1154(expands)N
2707(as)X
2800(elements)X
3111(are)X
3236(added,)X
3474(although)X
3780(a)X
3842(slight)X
4044(per-)X
2418 1242(formance)N
2747(degradation)X
3151(may)X
3313(be)X
3413(noticed.)X
3713(Figure)X
3946(6)X
4010(illus-)X
2418 1330(trates)N
2625(the)X
2756(difference)X
3116(in)X
3211(performance)X
3651(between)X
3952(storing)X
2418 1418(keys)N
2588(in)X
2673(a)X
2732(\256le)X
2857(when)X
3054(the)X
3174(ultimate)X
3458(size)X
3605(is)X
3680(known)X
3920(\(the)X
4067(left)X
2418 1506(bars)N
2581(in)X
2672(each)X
2849(set\),)X
3014(compared)X
3360(to)X
3450(building)X
3744(the)X
3870(\256le)X
4000(when)X
2418 1594(the)N
2550(ultimate)X
2846(size)X
3005(is)X
3091(unknown)X
3422(\(the)X
3580(right)X
3764(bars)X
3931(in)X
4026(each)X
2418 1682(set\).)N
2609(Once)X
2814(the)X
2947(\256ll)X
3069(factor)X
3291(is)X
3378(suf\256ciently)X
3772(high)X
3948(for)X
4076(the)X
2418 1770(page)N
2596(size)X
2747(\(8\),)X
2887(growing)X
3180(the)X
3304(table)X
3486(dynamically)X
3908(does)X
4081(lit-)X
2418 1858(tle)N
2518(to)X
2600(degrade)X
2875(performance.)X
10 f
2418 1946 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
9 s
1 f
2413 3238(s)N
2409 3173(d)N
2409 3108(n)N
2409 3043(o)N
2411 2979(c)N
2411 2914(e)N
2407 2849(S)N
3143 4129(Fill)N
3261(Factor)X
2448 2152(15)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2557 2122 MXY
1473 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2557 MX
-19 0 Dl
2448 2747(10)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2557 2717 MXY
1473 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2557 MX
-19 0 Dl
2484 3343(5)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2557 3313 MXY
1473 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2557 MX
-19 0 Dl
2484 3938(0)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2557 3908 MXY
1473 0 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2557 MX
-19 0 Dl
3976 4015(128)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
4030 3908 MXY
0 -1786 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3908 MY
0 19 Dl
3626 4015(96)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
3662 3908 MXY
0 -1786 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3908 MY
0 19 Dl
3258 4015(64)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
3294 3908 MXY
0 -1786 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3908 MY
0 19 Dl
2889 4015(32)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2925 3908 MXY
0 -1786 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3908 MY
0 19 Dl
2539 4015(0)N
4 Ds
1 Dt
2557 3908 MXY
0 -1786 Dl
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3908 MY
0 19 Dl
3908 MY
0 -1786 Dl
3908 MY
1473 0 Dl
4053 2378(8192)N
3 Dt
2569 2277 MXY
11 0 Dl
23 48 Dl
46 -167 Dl
92 35 Dl
184 12 Dl
369 143 Dl
736 0 Dl
2334 MY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3294 2334 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
13 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2925 2192 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2741 2180 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2649 2144 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2603 2311 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -13 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2580 2263 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2569 2263 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
13 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
4053 2591(4096)N
2569 2348 MXY
11 -11 Dl
23 -96 Dl
46 71 Dl
92 72 Dl
184 226 Dl
369 48 Dl
736 -60 Dl
2612 MY
14 -28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
3294 2672 MXY
13 -28 Dl
-27 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
2925 2624 MXY
14 -28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
2741 2398 MXY
14 -28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
2649 2326 MXY
14 -27 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 27 Dl
2603 2255 MXY
14 -28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
2580 2350 MXY
14 -27 Dl
-28 0 Dl
14 27 Dl
2569 2362 MXY
13 -28 Dl
-27 0 Dl
14 28 Dl
4053 2681(1024)N
16 Ds
1 Dt
2569 2300 MXY
11 48 Dl
23 96 Dl
46 95 Dl
92 274 Dl
184 202 Dl
369 -155 Dl
736 -190 Dl
-1 Ds
3 Dt
4044 2656 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
3307 2846 MXY
-27 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
27 28 Dl
2939 3001 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
2755 2799 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
2663 2525 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
2617 2430 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
2594 2334 MXY
-28 28 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -14 Dl
28 28 Dl
2582 2287 MXY
-27 27 Dl
14 -14 Dl
-14 -13 Dl
27 27 Dl
4053 2851(512)N
5 Dt
2569 2372 MXY
11 -24 Dl
23 405 Dl
46 83 Dl
92 227 Dl
184 -72 Dl
369 -119 Dl
736 -107 Dl
3 Dt
2751 MY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3294 2858 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
13 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2925 2977 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2741 3049 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -13 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2649 2823 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2603 2739 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2580 2334 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2569 2358 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
13 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
4053 2795(256)N
20 Ds
1 Dt
2569 2456 MXY
11 285 Dl
23 95 Dl
46 251 Dl
92 -60 Dl
184 -84 Dl
369 -107 Dl
736 -71 Dl
-1 Ds
3 Dt
4016 MX
27 Dc
3280 2836 MXY
27 Dc
2912 2943 MXY
27 Dc
2728 3027 MXY
27 Dc
2635 3087 MXY
28 Dc
2589 2836 MXY
28 Dc
2566 2741 MXY
27 Dc
2554 2456 MXY
28 Dc
4053 2741(128)N
1 Dt
2569 2729 MXY
11 203 Dl
23 131 Dl
46 -60 Dl
92 -119 Dl
184 -60 Dl
369 -83 Dl
736 -12 Dl
3 Dt
2716 MY
-14 27 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -27 Dl
3294 2727 MXY
-14 28 Dl
27 0 Dl
-13 -28 Dl
2925 2811 MXY
-14 27 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -27 Dl
2741 2870 MXY
-14 28 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -28 Dl
2649 2989 MXY
-14 28 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -28 Dl
2603 3049 MXY
-14 27 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -27 Dl
2580 2918 MXY
-14 28 Dl
28 0 Dl
-14 -28 Dl
2569 2716 MXY
-14 27 Dl
27 0 Dl
-13 -27 Dl
3 Dt
-1 Ds
3 f
8 s
2418 4286(Figure)N
2628(5c:)X
1 f
2738(User)X
2887(Time)X
3051(for)X
3154(dictionary)X
3442(data)X
3577(set)X
3677(with)X
3820(1M)X
3938(of)X
4019(buffer)X
2418 4374(space)N
2579(and)X
2691(varying)X
2906(bucket)X
3096(sizes)X
3240(and)X
3352(\256ll)X
3443(factors.)X
3667(Each)X
3813(line)X
3928(is)X
3990(labeled)X
2418 4462(with)N
2548(its)X
2625(bucket)X
2811(size.)X
10 s
10 f
2418 4638 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
1 f
2590 4840(Since)N
2796(no)X
2904(known)X
3150(hash)X
3325(function)X
3620(performs)X
3938(equally)X
2418 4928(well)N
2589(on)X
2702(all)X
2815(possible)X
3110(data,)X
3297(the)X
3428(user)X
3595(may)X
3766(\256nd)X
3923(that)X
4076(the)X
2418 5016(built-in)N
2678(hash)X
2849(function)X
3140(does)X
3311(poorly)X
3544(on)X
3648(a)X
3708(particular)X
4040(data)X
2418 5104(set.)N
2548(In)X
2636(this)X
2771(case,)X
2950(a)X
3006(hash)X
3173(function,)X
3480(taking)X
3700(two)X
3840(arguments)X
2418 5192(\(a)N
2507(pointer)X
2760(to)X
2848(a)X
2910(byte)X
3074(string)X
3282(and)X
3424(a)X
3486(length\))X
3739(and)X
3880(returning)X
2418 5280(an)N
2517(unsigned)X
2829(long)X
2993(to)X
3077(be)X
3175(used)X
3344(as)X
3433(the)X
3553(hash)X
3722(value,)X
3938(may)X
4098(be)X
2418 5368(speci\256ed)N
2731(at)X
2817(hash)X
2992(table)X
3176(creation)X
3463(time.)X
3673(When)X
3893(an)X
3996(exist-)X
2418 5456(ing)N
2570(hash)X
2767(table)X
2973(is)X
3076(opened)X
3358(and)X
3524(a)X
3609(hash)X
3805(function)X
4121(is)X
2418 5544(speci\256ed,)N
2752(the)X
2879(hash)X
3054(package)X
3346(will)X
3498(try)X
3615(to)X
3705(determine)X
4054(that)X
2418 5632(the)N
2546(hash)X
2723(function)X
3020(supplied)X
3321(is)X
3404(the)X
3532(one)X
3678(with)X
3850(which)X
4076(the)X
2418 5720(table)N
2630(was)X
2811(created.)X
3139(There)X
3382(are)X
3536(a)X
3627(variety)X
3905(of)X
4027(hash)X
3 f
432 5960(8)N
2970(USENIX)X
9 f
3292(-)X
3 f
3356(Winter)X
3621('91)X
9 f
3748(-)X
3 f
3812(Dallas,)X
4065(TX)X
9 p
0(Courier)xf 0 f
10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3 f
720 258(Seltzer)N
977(&)X
1064(Yigit)X
3278(A)X
3356(New)X
3528(Hashing)X
3831(Package)X
4136(for)X
4259(UNIX)X
1 f
720 538(functions)N
1065(provided)X
1397(with)X
1586(the)X
1731(package.)X
2082(The)X
2253(default)X
720 626(function)N
1014(for)X
1135(the)X
1260(package)X
1551(is)X
1631(the)X
1755(one)X
1897(which)X
2119(offered)X
2378(the)X
720 714(best)N
875(performance)X
1308(in)X
1396(terms)X
1600(of)X
1693(cycles)X
1920(executed)X
2232(per)X
2360(call)X
720 802(\(it)N
827(did)X
965(not)X
1103(produce)X
1398(the)X
1531(fewest)X
1776(collisions)X
2117(although)X
2432(it)X
720 890(was)N
866(within)X
1091(a)X
1148(small)X
1341(percentage)X
1710(of)X
1797(the)X
1915(function)X
2202(that)X
2342(pro-)X
720 978(duced)N
947(the)X
1080(fewest)X
1324(collisions\).)X
1731(Again,)X
1981(in)X
2077(time)X
2253(critical)X
720 1066(applications,)N
1152(users)X
1342(are)X
1466(encouraged)X
1862(to)X
1949(experiment)X
2334(with)X
720 1154(a)N
783(variety)X
1032(of)X
1125(hash)X
1298(functions)X
1622(to)X
1710(achieve)X
1982(optimal)X
2252(perfor-)X
720 1242(mance.)N
10 f
720 1330 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
3 f
7 s
1038 2925(Full)N
1149(size)X
1251(table)X
1384(\(left\))X
1547 2718(Fill)N
1643(Factor)X
2268 2662(64)N
1964(32)X
1674(16)X
1384(8)X
1093(4)X
4 Ds
1 Dt
900 2280 MXY
1548 0 Dl
900 1879 MXY
1548 0 Dl
900 1506 MXY
1548 0 Dl
1563 2902 MXY
111 0 Dl
-1 Ds
900 MX
110 0 Dl
1425 2828(System)N
983(User)X
1895 2778 MXY
1895 2778 lineto
1950 2778 lineto
1950 2833 lineto
1895 2833 lineto
1895 2778 lineto
closepath 21 1895 2778 1950 2833 Dp
1342 MX
1342 2778 lineto
1397 2778 lineto
1397 2833 lineto
1342 2833 lineto
1342 2778 lineto
closepath 14 1342 2778 1397 2833 Dp
900 MX
900 2778 lineto
955 2778 lineto
955 2833 lineto
900 2833 lineto
900 2778 lineto
closepath 3 900 2778 955 2833 Dp
5 Dt
2283 2211 MXY
96 0 Dl
1992 MX
97 0 Dl
1702 MX
97 0 Dl
1411 2252 MXY
97 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2283 2211 MXY
2283 2211 lineto
2379 2211 lineto
2379 2252 lineto
2283 2252 lineto
2283 2211 lineto
closepath 14 2283 2211 2379 2252 Dp
1992 MX
1992 2211 lineto
2089 2211 lineto
2089 2252 lineto
1992 2252 lineto
1992 2211 lineto
closepath 14 1992 2211 2089 2252 Dp
1702 MX
1702 2211 lineto
1799 2211 lineto
1799 2252 lineto
1702 2252 lineto
1702 2211 lineto
closepath 14 1702 2211 1799 2252 Dp
1411 2252 MXY
1411 2252 lineto
1508 2252 lineto
1508 2294 lineto
1411 2294 lineto
1411 2252 lineto
closepath 14 1411 2252 1508 2294 Dp
2283 MX
2283 2252 lineto
2379 2252 lineto
2379 2612 lineto
2283 2612 lineto
2283 2252 lineto
closepath 3 2283 2252 2379 2612 Dp
1992 MX
1992 2252 lineto
2089 2252 lineto
2089 2612 lineto
1992 2612 lineto
1992 2252 lineto
closepath 3 1992 2252 2089 2612 Dp
1702 MX
1702 2252 lineto
1799 2252 lineto
1799 2612 lineto
1702 2612 lineto
1702 2252 lineto
closepath 3 1702 2252 1799 2612 Dp
1411 2294 MXY
1411 2294 lineto
1508 2294 lineto
1508 2612 lineto
1411 2612 lineto
1411 2294 lineto
closepath 3 1411 2294 1508 2612 Dp
-1 Ds
2158 2238 MXY
2158 2238 lineto
2255 2238 lineto
2255 2252 lineto
2158 2252 lineto
2158 2238 lineto
closepath 21 2158 2238 2255 2252 Dp
1868 MX
1868 2238 lineto
1965 2238 lineto
1965 2280 lineto
1868 2280 lineto
1868 2238 lineto
closepath 21 1868 2238 1965 2280 Dp
1577 MX
1577 2238 lineto
1674 2238 lineto
1674 2308 lineto
1577 2308 lineto
1577 2238 lineto
closepath 21 1577 2238 1674 2308 Dp
1287 2308 MXY
1287 2308 lineto
1287 2280 lineto
1384 2280 lineto
1384 2308 lineto
1287 2308 lineto
closepath 21 1287 2280 1384 2308 Dp
2158 2280 MXY
2158 2280 lineto
2158 2252 lineto
2255 2252 lineto
2255 2280 lineto
2158 2280 lineto
closepath 14 2158 2252 2255 2280 Dp
1868 2308 MXY
1868 2308 lineto
1868 2280 lineto
1965 2280 lineto
1965 2308 lineto
1868 2308 lineto
closepath 14 1868 2280 1965 2308 Dp
1577 2335 MXY
1577 2335 lineto
1577 2308 lineto
1674 2308 lineto
1674 2335 lineto
1577 2335 lineto
closepath 14 1577 2308 1674 2335 Dp
1287 2363 MXY
1287 2363 lineto
1287 2308 lineto
1384 2308 lineto
1384 2363 lineto
1287 2363 lineto
closepath 14 1287 2308 1384 2363 Dp
2158 2280 MXY
2158 2280 lineto
2255 2280 lineto
2255 2612 lineto
2158 2612 lineto
2158 2280 lineto
closepath 3 2158 2280 2255 2612 Dp
1868 2308 MXY
1868 2308 lineto
1965 2308 lineto
1965 2612 lineto
1868 2612 lineto
1868 2308 lineto
closepath 3 1868 2308 1965 2612 Dp
1577 2335 MXY
1577 2335 lineto
1674 2335 lineto
1674 2612 lineto
1577 2612 lineto
1577 2335 lineto
closepath 3 1577 2335 1674 2612 Dp
1287 2363 MXY
1287 2363 lineto
1384 2363 lineto
1384 2612 lineto
1287 2612 lineto
1287 2363 lineto
closepath 3 1287 2363 1384 2612 Dp
4 Ds
1121 2066 MXY
1121 2066 lineto
1218 2066 lineto
1224 2080 lineto
1127 2080 lineto
1121 2066 lineto
closepath 21 1121 2066 1224 2080 Dp
2080 MY
1121 2080 lineto
1218 2080 lineto
1218 2273 lineto
1121 2273 lineto
1121 2080 lineto
closepath 14 1121 2080 1218 2273 Dp
2273 MY
1121 2273 lineto
1218 2273 lineto
1218 2612 lineto
1121 2612 lineto
1121 2273 lineto
closepath 3 1121 2273 1218 2612 Dp
-1 Ds
997 1589 MXY
997 1589 lineto
1093 1589 lineto
1093 1644 lineto
997 1644 lineto
997 1589 lineto
closepath 21 997 1589 1093 1644 Dp
1644 MY
997 1644 lineto
1093 1644 lineto
1093 2280 lineto
997 2280 lineto
997 1644 lineto
closepath 14 997 1644 1093 2280 Dp
2280 MY
997 2280 lineto
1093 2280 lineto
1093 2612 lineto
997 2612 lineto
997 2280 lineto
closepath 3 997 2280 1093 2612 Dp
10 s
719 2093(s)N
712 2037(d)N
712 1982(n)N
714 1927(o)N
716 1872(c)N
716 1816(e)N
712 1761(S)N
804 2286(10)N
804 1899(20)N
804 1540(30)N
3 Dt
900 1506 MXY
0 1106 Dl
1548 0 Dl
7 s
1978 2828(Elapsed)N
1701 2925(Dynamically)N
2018(grown)X
2184(table)X
2317(\(right\))X
3 Dt
-1 Ds
8 s
720 3180(Figure)N
934(6:)X
1 f
1020(The)X
1152(total)X
1299(regions)X
1520(indicate)X
1755(the)X
1865(difference)X
2154(between)X
2398(the)X
720 3268(elapsed)N
931(time)X
1065(and)X
1177(the)X
1275(sum)X
1402(of)X
1475(the)X
1573(system)X
1771(and)X
1883(user)X
2008(time.)X
2173(The)X
2291(left)X
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720 3708 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
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892 3910(Since)N
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720 4350(varying)N
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720 4966(ing)N
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2 f
8 s
1269 4941(7)N
1 f
16 s
720 5353 MXY
864 0 Dl
2 f
8 s
760 5408(7)N
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9 s
826 5433(Some)N
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10 s
2830 1975 MXY
0 -28 Dl
28 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2853 2004 MXY
0 -27 Dl
28 0 Dl
0 27 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2876 2016 MXY
0 -27 Dl
27 0 Dl
0 27 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2922 1998 MXY
0 -27 Dl
27 0 Dl
0 27 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2967 2025 MXY
0 -28 Dl
28 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3013 2031 MXY
0 -28 Dl
28 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3059 MX
0 -28 Dl
27 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-27 0 Dl
3196 2052 MXY
0 -28 Dl
27 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-27 0 Dl
3561 2102 MXY
0 -28 Dl
28 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-28 0 Dl
4292 2105 MXY
0 -28 Dl
27 0 Dl
0 28 Dl
-27 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2844 1961 MXY
23 30 Dl
23 12 Dl
45 -18 Dl
46 26 Dl
46 6 Dl
45 0 Dl
137 21 Dl
366 50 Dl
730 3 Dl
9 s
4227 2158(User)N
-1 Ds
3 Dt
2830 1211 MXY
27 Dc
2853 1261 MXY
27 Dc
2876 1267 MXY
27 Dc
2921 1341 MXY
27 Dc
2967 1385 MXY
27 Dc
3013 1450 MXY
27 Dc
3059 1497 MXY
27 Dc
3196 1686 MXY
27 Dc
3561 2109 MXY
27 Dc
4292 2295 MXY
27 Dc
20 Ds
1 Dt
2844 1211 MXY
23 50 Dl
23 6 Dl
45 74 Dl
46 44 Dl
46 65 Dl
45 47 Dl
137 189 Dl
366 423 Dl
730 186 Dl
4181 2270(System)N
-1 Ds
3 Dt
2844 583 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2867 672 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
2890 701 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
13 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2935 819 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
2981 849 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3027 908 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -13 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
3072 1026 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -13 Dl
14 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
3209 1292 MXY
0 27 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
3575 1823 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-28 0 Dl
4305 2059 MXY
0 28 Dl
0 -14 Dl
14 0 Dl
-27 0 Dl
5 Dt
2844 597 MXY
23 88 Dl
23 30 Dl
45 118 Dl
46 30 Dl
46 59 Dl
45 118 Dl
137 265 Dl
366 532 Dl
730 236 Dl
4328 2103(Total)N
2844 2310 MXY
1461 0 Dl
2844 MX
0 -1772 Dl
2310 MY
0 18 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2310 MY
0 -1772 Dl
2826 2416(0)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3209 2310 MXY
0 18 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2310 MY
0 -1772 Dl
3155 2416(256)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3575 2310 MXY
0 18 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2310 MY
0 -1772 Dl
3521 2416(512)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
3940 2310 MXY
0 18 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2310 MY
0 -1772 Dl
3886 2416(768)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
4305 2310 MXY
0 18 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2310 MY
0 -1772 Dl
4233 2416(1024)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2844 2310 MXY
-18 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2844 MX
1461 0 Dl
2771 2340(0)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2844 2014 MXY
-18 0 Dl
2844 1719 MXY
-18 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2844 MX
1461 0 Dl
2735 1749(20)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2844 1423 MXY
-18 0 Dl
2844 1128 MXY
-18 0 Dl
4 Ds
1 Dt
2844 MX
1461 0 Dl
2735 1158(40)N
-1 Ds
5 Dt
2844 833 MXY
-18 0 Dl
2844 538 MXY
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4 Ds
1 Dt
2844 MX
1461 0 Dl
2735 568(60)N
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3737(\(in)X
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2695 1259(S)N
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3 Dt
-1 Ds
3 f
8 s
2706 2773(Figure)N
2908(7:)X
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2982(User)X
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10 s
10 f
2706 3301 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
3 f
3175 3543(Enhanced)N
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3937(interface.)X
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3516(interface.)X
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3 f
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0(Courier)xf 0 f
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432 258(A)N
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1 f
604 670(The)N
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1438(.)X
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432 1110(of)N
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521(sdbm)X
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850(gdbm)X
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1028(,)X
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871(,)X
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1286(hsearch)X
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1313(interface)X
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2 f
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9 f
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14 p
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14 p
xt
xs